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Phytosociological variability of weeds in soybean field

Understanding spatial distribution of weeds in the crop enables to perform localized herbicide applications, increasing the technical and economic efficiency of operations and reducing environmental impacts. This work aimed to characterize the spatial and phytosociological variability of weeds occur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Planta daninha 2014-03, Vol.32 (1), p.39-49
Main Authors: Santi, A.L., Bona, S.D., Lamego, F.P., Basso, C.J., Eitelwein, M.T., Cherubin, M.R., Kaspary, T.E., Ruchel, Q., Gallon, M.
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Language:English
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Summary:Understanding spatial distribution of weeds in the crop enables to perform localized herbicide applications, increasing the technical and economic efficiency of operations and reducing environmental impacts. This work aimed to characterize the spatial and phytosociological variability of weeds occurring in soybean commercial field. It was conducted in an agricultural area located at the municipality of Boa Vista das Missões - RS, during the 2010/2011 harvest season. The area, that had been managed under no-tillage with soybean monoculture (summer) for five years, was divided in regular squares of 50 x 50 m (0.25 ha), totalizing 356 points. For species identification, 0.5 x 0.5 m sample squares were used. During the survey, 1,739 individuals were identified, distributed in 19 species of 13 families. The weed species Cardiospermum halicacabum, Digitaria horizontalis, Urochloa plantaginea and Raphanus raphanistrum showed the highest population variation in the area; however, only C. halicacabum, U. plantaginea and R. raphanistrum stood out based on the Importance Index Value (IVI). Localized management strategies considering the spatial variability of weed species placed in the Magnoliopsidas and Liliopsidas group show a high potential for use in soybean crop. The results show that the sampling method through regular grid was capable of characterizing the occurrence, population density and spatial variability of weed species in soybean crop. O conhecimento da distribuição espacial das plantas daninhas na lavoura possibilita realizar aplicações localizadas de herbicida, aumentando a eficiência técnica e econômica das intervenções, além de reduzir os impactos ambientais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a variabilidade espacial e fitossociológica de plantas daninhas ocorrentes em uma lavoura comercial de soja. O trabalho foi conduzido em uma área agrícola localizada no município de Boa Vista das Missões - RS, na safra 2010/2011. A área vem sendo manejada em semeadura direta com monocultivo de soja (verão) há cinco anos. A área foi dividida em quadrículas regulares com dimensões de 50 x 50 m (0,25 ha), totalizando 356 pontos. Para identificação das espécies, foram usados quadros amostrais de dimensões 0,5 x 0,5 m. No levantamento foram identificados 1.739 indivíduos, distribuídos em 19 espécies de 13 famílias. As espécies daninhas Cardiospermum halicacabum, Digitaria horizontalis, Urochloa plantaginea e Raphanus raphanistrum apresentaram a mai
ISSN:0100-8358
1806-9681
0100-8358
DOI:10.1590/S0100-83582014000100005