Lipid second messengers and related enzymes in vertebrate rod outer segments

Rod outer segments (ROSs) are specialized light-sensitive organelles in vertebrate photoreceptor cells. Lipids in ROS are of considerable importance, not only in providing an adequate environment for efficient phototransduction, but also in originating the second messengers involved in signal transd...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of lipid research 2010-04, Vol.51 (4), p.685-700
Main Authors: Giusto, Norma M., Pasquaré, Susana J., Salvador, Gabriela A., Ilincheta de Boschero, Mónica G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
diacylglycerol
diacylglycerol kinase
diacylglycerol lipase
Diglycerides - metabolism
Humans
Light Signal Transduction
Lipid Metabolism
lipid phosphate phosphatase
Lipids - physiology
monoacylglycerol
phosphatidic acid
Phosphatidic Acids - metabolism
Phosphatidylcholines - metabolism
phospholipase D
Protein Transport
Rod Cell Outer Segment - enzymology
Rod Cell Outer Segment - metabolism
Second Messenger Systems - physiology
Thematic Review
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Summary:Rod outer segments (ROSs) are specialized light-sensitive organelles in vertebrate photoreceptor cells. Lipids in ROS are of considerable importance, not only in providing an adequate environment for efficient phototransduction, but also in originating the second messengers involved in signal transduction. ROSs have the ability to adapt the sensitivity and speed of their responses to ever-changing conditions of ambient illumination. A major contributor to this adaptation is the light-driven translocation of key signaling proteins into and out of ROS. The present review shows how generation of the second lipid messengers from phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, and diacylglycerol is modulated by the different illumination states in the vertebrate retina. Findings suggest that the light-induced translocation of phototransduction proteins influences the enzymatic activities of phospholipase D, lipid phosphate phosphatase, diacylglyceride lipase, and diacylglyceride kinase, all of which are responsible for the generation of the second messenger molecules.
ISSN:0022-2275
1539-7262
DOI:10.1194/jlr.R001891