Contribution of Cold Starts to Real-World Trip Emissions for Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicles

For catalytic converter-equipped light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV), the hot-stabilized tailpipe emissions for pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are well controlled. However, there are few reported real-world measurements of cold starts. Idling co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atmosphere 2023-01, Vol.14 (1), p.35
Main Authors: Hu, Jiangchuan, Frey, H. Christopher, Boroujeni, Behdad Yazdani
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
air pollution
Automobiles
Automotive parts
Brittleness
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Catalytic converters
Cold
cold start
Cold starts
Emission control equipment
Emission measurements
Emissions
exhaust
Exhaust emissions
Exhaust pipes
Exhaust systems
Gasoline
Hydrocarbons
Idling
Light
measurement
Nitrogen compounds
Nitrogen oxides
Photochemicals
Pollutants
Quality control
vehicle
Vehicles
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Summary:For catalytic converter-equipped light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV), the hot-stabilized tailpipe emissions for pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are well controlled. However, there are few reported real-world measurements of cold starts. Idling cold start and hot-stabilized trip exhaust emissions were measured for 37 LDGVs using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). Five vehicles were also measured for transient driving cold starts. On average, it took approximately 400, 150, 330, and 120 s to accumulate 90 percent of the idle cold start increments for fuel use, CO, HC, and NOx, respectively. Driving cold start increments were substantially higher than idling cold start increments, whereas cold start duration was typically shorter. For example, driving cold start contributed approximately 64%, 68%, 58%, and 4.5% of the trip total CO, HC, NOx, and carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively. This study is unique in quantifying the cold start contribution on a trip basis with real-world data. Although the cold start increment is sensitive to driving compared to idling, in either case, cold starts contribute substantially to total exhaust mass emissions. Furthermore, driver decisions regarding driving versus idle can substantially affect the contribution of cold starts, especially for CO and NOx.
ISSN:2073-4433
2073-4433
DOI:10.3390/atmos14010035