Emerging Roles of Epigenetics in Grapevine and Winegrowing

Epigenetics refers to dynamic chemical modifications to the genome that can perpetuate gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in growth and development. They may also drive plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions by buffering enviro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2024-02, Vol.13 (4), p.515
Main Authors: Venios, Xenophon, Gkizi, Danai, Nisiotou, Aspasia, Korkas, Elias, Tjamos, Sotirios E, Zamioudis, Christos, Banilas, Georgios
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Botanical research
Climate change
Crops
Cultivation
DNA methylation
Environmental conditions
environmental factors
Epigenetics
epigenomics
Fruit cultivation
fruits
Gene expression
genes
Genetic aspects
Genomes
genotype-environment interaction
Genotypes
Grapes
Grapevines
growth and development
MicroRNAs
Nucleotide sequence
nucleotide sequences
Pests
Phenotypes
Phenotypic plasticity
Physiological aspects
plant adaptation
plant defense
Plant genetics
Production management
Proteins
Quality management
rain
Rainfall
Review
Ripening
RNA polymerase
stress responses
stress tolerance
Temperate zones
temperature
viticulture
Vitis
Wine
Wines
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Summary:Epigenetics refers to dynamic chemical modifications to the genome that can perpetuate gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in growth and development. They may also drive plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions by buffering environmental variation. Grapevine is an important perennial fruit crop cultivated worldwide, but mostly in temperate zones with hot and dry summers. The decrease in rainfall and the rise in temperature due to climate change, along with the expansion of pests and diseases, constitute serious threats to the sustainability of winegrowing. Ongoing research shows that epigenetic modifications are key regulators of important grapevine developmental processes, including berry growth and ripening. Variations in epigenetic modifications driven by genotype-environment interplay may also lead to novel phenotypes in response to environmental cues, a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the emerging field of grapevine epigenetics. We primarily highlight the impact of epigenetics to grapevine stress responses and acquisition of stress tolerance. We further discuss how epigenetics may affect winegrowing and also shape the quality of wine.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants13040515