Ten-year results of concentrated autologous bone marrow aspirate transplantation for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a retrospective study

• Published in: BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2019-09, Vol.20 (1), p.410-7, Article 410
• Main Authors: Tomaru, Yohei, Yoshioka, Tomokazu, Sugaya, Hisashi, Kumagai, Hiroshi, Hyodo, Kojiro, Aoto, Katsuya, Wada, Hiroshi, Akaogi, Hiroshi, Yamazaki, Masashi, Mishima, Hajime
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arthroplasty; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip - statistics & numerical data; Autografts; Body Mass Index; Bone marrow; Bone marrow aspirate concentrate; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Diagnosis; Female; Femur; Femur Head - pathology; Femur Head - surgery; Femur Head Necrosis - complications; Femur Head Necrosis - pathology; Femur Head Necrosis - surgery; Follow-Up Studies; Hip; Hip Joint - pathology; Hip Joint - surgery; Hip preserving surgery; Hip replacement arthroplasty; Humans; Joint surgery; Male; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal diseases; Organ Sparing Treatments; Orthopedic surgery; Osteonecrosis; Osteonecrosis of the femoral head; Regression analysis; Retrospective Studies; Total hip arthroplasty; Transplantation, Autologous; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1471-2474; 1471-2474
• DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2797-4

Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) occurs at a relatively younger age. It is therefore important to prevent the resultant femoral head collapse and requirement of total hip arthroplasty in these patients. In 2003, we initiated concentrated autologous bone marrow aspirate transplantation (CABMAT), a joint-preserving treatment for ONFH, at our institution. Here, we report the long-term results of CABMAT treatment. We retrospectively collated and analyzed the demographic and treatment data of 69 patients (109 hips) with idiopathic ONFH treated with CABMAT between April 2003 and April 2008. Totally, 44 patients (21 men, 23 women, 80 hips) completed the 10-year follow-up. The follow-up rate was 73.4%, and the mean follow-up period was 12.0 (range, 10.0-15.4) years. The mean age of the patients was 42.2 (range, 16.3-70.5) years. Using the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification system for preoperative analysis, 12, 31, 32, and 5 hips were classified as stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The overall rate of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) was 34% (27/80 hips). In a multivariate regression analysis, the preoperative stage of ONFH and the body mass index were found to correlate significantly with conversion to THA. Totally, 43 hips (of 80) were classified as belonging to the pre-collapse stage (i.e., stages 1 or 2). The overall collapse rate and the THA-conversion rate of these hips were estimated to be 49% (21/43) and 14% (6/43), respectively. On the basis of our long-term findings, the minimally invasive and feasible CABMAT therapy can be utilized as one of a joint-preserving treatment for ONFH.