Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Phytochemicals with Anticancer Activity: Updated Studies on Mechanisms and Targeted Delivery

Pentacyclic triterpenoids (TTs) represent a unique family of phytochemicals with interesting properties and pharmacological effects, with some representatives, such as betulinic acid (BA) and betulin (B), being mainly investigated as potential anticancer molecules. Considering the recent scientific...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-08, Vol.24 (16), p.12923
Main Authors: Nistor, Madalina, Rugina, Dumitrita, Diaconeasa, Zorita, Socaciu, Carmen, Socaciu, Mihai Adrian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
anticancer activity
Antimicrobial agents
betulinic acid
Bioavailability
Cancer
Contrast Media
Erythrocytes, Abnormal
Gram-positive bacteria
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Liposomes
Metabolism
Metabolites
microbubble conjugates
Microorganisms
nanolipid complexes
Pathogens
Pentacyclic Triterpenes
pentacyclic triterpenoids
Pharmacokinetics
Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals - pharmacology
Phytochemicals - therapeutic use
Review
Tetracycline
Tetracyclines
Triterpenes - pharmacology
Triterpenes - therapeutic use
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Summary:Pentacyclic triterpenoids (TTs) represent a unique family of phytochemicals with interesting properties and pharmacological effects, with some representatives, such as betulinic acid (BA) and betulin (B), being mainly investigated as potential anticancer molecules. Considering the recent scientific and preclinical investigations, a review of their anticancer mechanisms, structure-related activity, and efficiency improved by their insertion in nanolipid vehicles for targeted delivery is presented. A systematic literature study about their effects on tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, as free molecules or encapsulated in liposomes or nanolipids, is discussed. A special approach is given to liposome-TTs and nanolipid-TTs complexes to be linked to microbubbles, known as contrast agents in ultrasonography. The production of such supramolecular conjugates to deliver the drugs to target cells via sonoporation represents a new scientific and applicative direction to improve TT efficiency, considering that they have limited availability as lipophilic molecules. Relevant and recent examples of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as the challenges for the next steps towards the application of these complex delivery systems to tumor cells, are discussed, as are the challenges for the next steps towards the application of targeted delivery to tumor cells, opening new directions for innovative nanotechnological solutions.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms241612923