Highlighting function of Wnt signalling in urological cancers: Molecular interactions, therapeutic strategies, and (nano)strategies

• Published in: Translational oncology 2024-12, Vol.50, p.102145, Article 102145
• Main Authors: Hashemi, Mehrdad, Rezaei, Mahdi, Rezaeiaghdam, Hadi, Jamali, Behdokht, Koohpar, Zeinab Khazaei, Tanha, Mahsa, Bizhanpour, Anahita, Asadi, Saba, Jafari, Ali Moghadas, Khosroshahi, Elaheh Mohandesi, Eslami, Maedeh, Salimimoghadam, Shokooh, Nabavi, Noushin, Rashidi, Mohsen, Fattah, Eisa, Taheriazam, Afshin, Entezari, Maliheh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bladder cancer; Chemoresistance; Nanoparticles; Prostate cancer; Renal cancer; Review; Wnt
• ISSN: 1936-5233; 1936-5233
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102145

•Urological cancers include prostate, bladder and renal tumors that affect many individuals around the world.•Dysregulation of Wnt has been associated with tumorigenesis.•Wnt upregulation In PCa enhances carcinogenesis and can mediate proliferation nd metastasis.•Wnt upregulation in bladder cancer (BC) can enhance malignancy and mediate chemoresistance.•Overexpression of Wnt has been correlated with increase renal cancer progression. Cancer is a complex, multistep process characterized by abnormal cell growth and metastasis as well as the capacity of the tumor cells in therapy resistance development. The urological system is particularly susceptible to a group of malignancies known as urological cancers, where an accumulation of genetic alterations drives carcinogenesis. In various human cancers, Wnt singalling is dysregulated; following nuclear transfer of β-catenin, it promotes tumor progression and affects genes expression. Elevated levels of Wnt have been documented in urological cancers, where its overexpression enhances growth and metastasis. Additionally, increased Wnt singalling contributes to chemoresistance in urological cancers, leading to reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy agents like cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel. Wnt upregulation can change radiotherapy response of urological cancers. The regulation of Wnt involves various molecular pathways, including Akt, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, all of which play roles in carcinogenesis. Targeting and silencing Wnt or its associated pathways can mitigate tumorigenesis in urological cancers. Anti-cancer compounds such as curcumin and thymoquinone have shown efficacy in suppressing tumorigenesis through the downregulation of Wnt singalling. Notably, nanoparticles have proven effective in treating urological cancers, with several studies in prostate cancer (PCa) using nanoparticles to downregulate Wnt and suppress tumor growth. Future research should focus on developing small molecules that inhibit Wnt singalling to further suppress tumorigenesis and advance the treatment of urological cancers. Moreover, Wnt can be used as reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of urological cancers. [Display omitted]