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First Application of IFCB High-Frequency Imaging-in-Flow Cytometry to Investigate Bloom-Forming Filamentous Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea

Cyanobacteria are an important part of phytoplankton communities, however, they are also known for forming massive blooms with potentially deleterious effects on recreational use, human and animal health, and ecosystem functioning. Emerging high-frequency imaging flow cytometry applications, such as...

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Published in:Frontiers in Marine Science 2021-03, Vol.8
Main Authors: Kraft, Kaisa, Seppälä, Jukka, Hällfors, Heidi, Suikkanen, Sanna, Ylöstalo, Pasi, Anglès, Sílvia, Kielosto, Sami, Kuosa, Harri, Laakso, Lauri, Honkanen, Martti, Lehtinen, Sirpa, Oja, Johanna, Tamminen, Timo
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Seppälä, Jukka
Hällfors, Heidi
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Laakso, Lauri
Honkanen, Martti
Lehtinen, Sirpa
Oja, Johanna
Tamminen, Timo
description Cyanobacteria are an important part of phytoplankton communities, however, they are also known for forming massive blooms with potentially deleterious effects on recreational use, human and animal health, and ecosystem functioning. Emerging high-frequency imaging flow cytometry applications, such as Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB), are crucial in furthering our understanding of the factors driving bloom dynamics, since these applications provide community composition information at frequencies impossible to attain using conventional monitoring methods. However, the proof of applicability of automated imaging applications for studying dynamics of filamentous cyanobacteria is still scarce. In this study we present the first results of IFCB applied to a Baltic Sea cyanobacterial bloom community using a continuous flow-through setup. Our main aim was to demonstrate the pros and cons of the IFCB in identifying filamentous cyanobacterial taxa and in estimating their biomass. Selected environmental parameters (water temperature, wind speed and salinity) were included, in order to demonstrate the dynamics of the system the cyanobacteria occur in and the possibilities for analyzing high-frequency phytoplankton observations against changes in the environment. In order to compare the IFCB results with conventional monitoring methods, filamentous cyanobacteria were enumerated from water samples using light microscopical analysis. Two common bloom forming filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea, Aphanizomenon flosaquae and Dolichospermum spp. dominated the bloom, followed by an increase in Oscillatoriales abundance. The IFCB results compared well with the results of the light microscopical analysis, especially in the case of Dolichospermum . Aphanizomenon biomass varied slightly between the methods and the Oscillatoriales results deviated the most. Bloom formation was initiated as water temperature increased to over 15°C and terminated as the wind speed increased, dispersing the bloom. Community shifts were closely related to movements of the water mass. We demonstrate how using a high-frequency imaging flow cytometry application can help understand the development of cyanobacteria summer blooms.
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Selected environmental parameters (water temperature, wind speed and salinity) were included, in order to demonstrate the dynamics of the system the cyanobacteria occur in and the possibilities for analyzing high-frequency phytoplankton observations against changes in the environment. In order to compare the IFCB results with conventional monitoring methods, filamentous cyanobacteria were enumerated from water samples using light microscopical analysis. Two common bloom forming filamentous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea, Aphanizomenon flosaquae and Dolichospermum spp. dominated the bloom, followed by an increase in Oscillatoriales abundance. The IFCB results compared well with the results of the light microscopical analysis, especially in the case of Dolichospermum . Aphanizomenon biomass varied slightly between the methods and the Oscillatoriales results deviated the most. 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subjects Aquatic ecosystems
Automation
Biomass
bloom dynamics
Blooms
Climate change
Community composition
Continuous flow
Cyanobacteria
cyanophyte
Dolichospermum
Driving ability
Dynamics
Ecological function
Environmental changes
Environmental factors
Eutrophication
Flow cytometry
high-frequency observations
IFCB
Imaging FlowCytobot
Imaging techniques
Microscopy
Monitoring methods
Nitrogen
Optical properties
Oscillatoriales
Phytoplankton
Plankton
Remote sensing
Surface water
Water analysis
Water masses
Water quality
Water sampling
Water temperature
Wind
Wind speed
title First Application of IFCB High-Frequency Imaging-in-Flow Cytometry to Investigate Bloom-Forming Filamentous Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea
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