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From isolated light-harvesting complexes to the thylakoid membrane: a single-molecule perspective

The conversion of solar radiation to chemical energy in plants and green algae takes place in the thylakoid membrane. This amphiphilic environment hosts a complex arrangement of light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes that absorb light and transfer the excitation energy to photochemically active...

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Published in:Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) Germany), 2018-01, Vol.7 (1), p.81-92
Main Authors: Gruber, J. Michael, Malý, Pavel, Krüger, Tjaart P.J., Grondelle, Rienk van
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description The conversion of solar radiation to chemical energy in plants and green algae takes place in the thylakoid membrane. This amphiphilic environment hosts a complex arrangement of light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes that absorb light and transfer the excitation energy to photochemically active reaction centers. This efficient light-harvesting capacity is moreover tightly regulated by a photoprotective mechanism called non-photochemical quenching to avoid the stress-induced destruction of the catalytic reaction center. In this review we provide an overview of single-molecule fluorescence measurements on plant light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of varying sizes with the aim of bridging the gap between the smallest isolated complexes, which have been well-characterized, and the native photosystem. The smallest complexes contain only a small number (10–20) of interacting chlorophylls, while the native photosystem contains dozens of protein subunits and many hundreds of connected pigments. We discuss the functional significance of conformational dynamics, the lipid environment, and the structural arrangement of this fascinating nano-machinery. The described experimental results can be utilized to build mathematical-physical models in a bottom-up approach, which can then be tested on larger systems. The results also clearly showcase the general property of biological systems to utilize the same system properties for different purposes. In this case it is the regulated conformational flexibility that allows LHCs to switch between efficient light-harvesting and a photoprotective function.
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subjects Biological effects
Biological properties
Catalysis
Chemical energy
Chlorophyll
Clean energy
Fluorescence
fluorescence blinking
fluorescence lifetime
Light
light-harvesting
lipid environment
Machinery and equipment
photosystem II
Pigments
Plants (botany)
protein disorder
Quenching
single-molecule spectroscopy
Solar radiation
title From isolated light-harvesting complexes to the thylakoid membrane: a single-molecule perspective
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