Alston Virus, a Novel Paramyxovirus Isolated from Bats Causes Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Experimentally Challenged Ferrets

Multiple viruses with zoonotic potential have been isolated from bats globally. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, Alston virus (AlsPV), isolated from urine collected from an Australian pteropid bat colony in Alstonville, New South Wales. Characterization o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2018-11, Vol.10 (12), p.675
Main Authors: Johnson, Rebecca I, Tachedjian, Mary, Rowe, Brenton, Clayton, Bronwyn A, Layton, Rachel, Bergfeld, Jemma, Wang, Lin-Fa, Marsh, Glenn A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino Acid Sequence
Animal Diseases - immunology
Animal Diseases - virology
Animals
Antibiotics
Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
bat-borne
Cell culture
Cell Line
Chiroptera
Chiroptera - virology
Disease Models, Animal
DNA polymerase
Female
Ferrets
Genome, Viral
Genomes
Glycoproteins
Infections
Neutralization Tests
New South Wales
Olfactory bulb
Parainfluenza
paramyxovirus
Phylogeny
Polymerase chain reaction
Proteins
Respiratory tract diseases
Respiratory tract infection
RNA polymerase
RNA, Viral
Rubulavirus - immunology
Rubulavirus - isolation & purification
Rubulavirus Infections - veterinary
Secretions
Urine
Viruses
Whole Genome Sequencing
Zoonoses
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Summary:Multiple viruses with zoonotic potential have been isolated from bats globally. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, Alston virus (AlsPV), isolated from urine collected from an Australian pteropid bat colony in Alstonville, New South Wales. Characterization of AlsPV by whole-genome sequencing and analyzing antigenic relatedness revealed it is a rubulavirus that is closely related to parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5). Intranasal exposure of mice to AlsPV resulted in no clinical signs of disease, although viral RNA was detected in the olfactory bulbs of two mice at 21 days post exposure. Oronasal challenge of ferrets resulted in subclinical upper respiratory tract infection, viral shedding in respiratory secretions, and detection of viral antigen in the olfactory bulb of the brain. These results imply that AlsPV may be similar to PIV5 in its ability to infect multiple mammalian host species. This isolation of a novel paramyxovirus with the potential to transmit from bats to other mammalian species reinforces the importance of continued surveillance of bats as a source of emerging viruses.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v10120675