Oxidative stress in aging--matters of the heart and mind

Oxidative damage is considered to be the primary cause of several aging associated disease pathologies. Cumulative oxidative damage tends to be pervasive among cellular macromolecules, impacting proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA of cells. At a systemic level, events subsequent to oxidative damage induce...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2013-09, Vol.14 (9), p.17897-17925
Main Authors: Venkataraman, Krishnan, Khurana, Sandhya, Tai, T C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
aging
Aging - metabolism
Aging - physiology
Animals
brain
cardiovascular
Humans
oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Review
RONS
Signal Transduction
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Summary:Oxidative damage is considered to be the primary cause of several aging associated disease pathologies. Cumulative oxidative damage tends to be pervasive among cellular macromolecules, impacting proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA of cells. At a systemic level, events subsequent to oxidative damage induce an inflammatory response to sites of oxidative damage, often contributing to additional oxidative stress. At a cellular level, oxidative damage to mitochondria results in acidification of the cytoplasm and release of cytochrome c, causing apoptosis. This review summarizes findings in the literature on oxidative stress and consequent damage on cells and tissues of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, with a focus on aging-related diseases that have well-documented evidence of oxidative damage in initiation and/or progression of the disease. The current understanding of the cellular mechanisms with a focus on macromolecular damage, impacted cellular pathways and gross morphological changes associated with oxidative damage is also reviewed. Additionally, the impact of calorific restriction with its profound impact on cardiovascular and neuronal aging is addressed.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms140917897