Annihilation of Leishmania by daylight responsive ZnO nanoparticles: a temporal relationship of reactive oxygen species-induced lipid and protein oxidation

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine 2016-01, Vol.11 (default), p.2451-2461
• Main Authors: Nadhman, Akhtar, Khan, Malik Ihsanullah, Nazir, Samina, Khan, Momin, Shahnaz, Gul, Raza, Abida, Shams, Dilawar Farhan, Yasinzai, Masoom
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Copper; Doping; Ethanol; Fatty acids; Fourier transforms; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Infectious diseases; Leishmania tropica; Leishmania tropica - drug effects; Leishmania tropica - metabolism; Light; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Lipid Peroxides - metabolism; Lipids; Malondialdehyde - metabolism; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Metal Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; Methanol; Nanoparticles; Original Research; Oxidation; Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects; Oxidative stress; Parasitic diseases; Penicillin; Photochemotherapy; Photodynamic therapy; Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Polyenes - metabolism; Protein Carbonylation - drug effects; Protein oxidation; Proteins; Proteins - metabolism; Reactive oxygen species; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Reactive Oxygen Species - pharmacology; Silver; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Time Factors; X-Ray Diffraction; Zinc oxide; Zinc oxide (ZnO); Zinc Oxide - pharmacology
• ISSN: 1178-2013; 1176-9114; 1178-2013
• DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S105195

Lipid and protein oxidation are well-known manifestations of free radical activity and oxidative stress. The current study investigated extermination of Leishmania tropica promastigotes induced by lipid and protein oxidation with reactive oxygen species produced by PEGylated metal-based nanoparticles. The synthesized photodynamic therapy-based doped and nondoped zinc oxide nanoparticles were activated in daylight that produced reactive oxygen species in the immediate environment. Lipid and protein oxidation did not occur in dark. The major lipid peroxidation derivatives comprised of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde whereas water, ethane, methanol, and ethanol were found as the end products. Proteins were oxidized to carbonyls, hydroperoxides, and thiol degrading products. Interestingly, lipid hydroperoxides were produced by more than twofold of the protein hydroperoxides, indicating higher degradation of lipids compared to proteins. The in vitro evidence represented a significant contribution of the involvement of both lipid and protein oxidation in the annihilated antipromastigote effect of nanoparticles.