Hydroxyapatite Growth on Activated Carbon Surface for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Effect of Oxidation Time and CaSiO3 Addition on Hydrothermal Incubation

Many adsorbent materials are now commercially available; however, studies have focused on modifying them to enhance their properties. In this study, an activated carbon (AC) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was synthesized by the immersion of ACs in a simulated body fluid solution, varying the AC...

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Published in:Applied sciences 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.77
Main Authors: Moreno-Santos, Anastasio, Rios-Hurtado, Jorge Carlos, Flores-Villaseñor, Sergio Enrique, Esmeralda-Gomez, Alma Graciela, Guevara-Chavez, Juanita Yazmin, Lara-Castillo, Fatima Pamela, Escalante-Ibarra, Griselda Berenice
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activated carbon
Adsorbents
Adsorption
Aqueous solutions
Biomedical materials
Body fluids
CaSiO3
Composite materials
Equilibrium
Experiments
Fluorescence
Functional groups
Hydroxyapatite
Infrared spectroscopy
Isotherms
Low concentrations
Methylene blue
Oxidation
Pollutants
Scanning electron microscopy
Surface chemistry
X-ray fluorescence
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Summary:Many adsorbent materials are now commercially available; however, studies have focused on modifying them to enhance their properties. In this study, an activated carbon (AC) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was synthesized by the immersion of ACs in a simulated body fluid solution, varying the AC oxidation degree along with the addition of CaSiO3. The resulting composites were characterized by ash %, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (PZC). The characterization results indicated that the addition of CaSiO3 and the oxygenated functional groups in the AC surface are key factors for HAp growth. The composites were tested on methylene blue (MB) adsorption as a potential application for the synthesized materials. Adsorption isotherms were modeled with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the composites were fitted to a Langmuir model with the highest qmax value of 9.82. The kinetic results indicated that for the pseudo-second-order model, the composites fitted, with a contact time of 180 min to remove a 95.61% average of the MB. The results indicate that composite materials can be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions at low concentrations since the material with the highest amount of HAp growth removed 99.8% of the MB in 180 min.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app13010077