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Hydroxyapatite Growth on Activated Carbon Surface for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Effect of Oxidation Time and CaSiO3 Addition on Hydrothermal Incubation
Many adsorbent materials are now commercially available; however, studies have focused on modifying them to enhance their properties. In this study, an activated carbon (AC) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was synthesized by the immersion of ACs in a simulated body fluid solution, varying the AC...
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Published in: | Applied sciences 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.77 |
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description | Many adsorbent materials are now commercially available; however, studies have focused on modifying them to enhance their properties. In this study, an activated carbon (AC) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was synthesized by the immersion of ACs in a simulated body fluid solution, varying the AC oxidation degree along with the addition of CaSiO3. The resulting composites were characterized by ash %, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (PZC). The characterization results indicated that the addition of CaSiO3 and the oxygenated functional groups in the AC surface are key factors for HAp growth. The composites were tested on methylene blue (MB) adsorption as a potential application for the synthesized materials. Adsorption isotherms were modeled with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the composites were fitted to a Langmuir model with the highest qmax value of 9.82. The kinetic results indicated that for the pseudo-second-order model, the composites fitted, with a contact time of 180 min to remove a 95.61% average of the MB. The results indicate that composite materials can be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions at low concentrations since the material with the highest amount of HAp growth removed 99.8% of the MB in 180 min. |
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In this study, an activated carbon (AC) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was synthesized by the immersion of ACs in a simulated body fluid solution, varying the AC oxidation degree along with the addition of CaSiO3. The resulting composites were characterized by ash %, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (PZC). The characterization results indicated that the addition of CaSiO3 and the oxygenated functional groups in the AC surface are key factors for HAp growth. The composites were tested on methylene blue (MB) adsorption as a potential application for the synthesized materials. Adsorption isotherms were modeled with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the composites were fitted to a Langmuir model with the highest qmax value of 9.82. The kinetic results indicated that for the pseudo-second-order model, the composites fitted, with a contact time of 180 min to remove a 95.61% average of the MB. The results indicate that composite materials can be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions at low concentrations since the material with the highest amount of HAp growth removed 99.8% of the MB in 180 min.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2076-3417</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2076-3417</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/app13010077</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Activated carbon ; Adsorbents ; Adsorption ; Aqueous solutions ; Biomedical materials ; Body fluids ; CaSiO3 ; Composite materials ; Equilibrium ; Experiments ; Fluorescence ; Functional groups ; Hydroxyapatite ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Isotherms ; Low concentrations ; Methylene blue ; Oxidation ; Pollutants ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Surface chemistry ; X-ray fluorescence</subject><ispartof>Applied sciences, 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.77</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-7653ae3b86c2b8d177825d884f7cf3171ce6644e696632ea9c22c61d127b0ccb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-7653ae3b86c2b8d177825d884f7cf3171ce6644e696632ea9c22c61d127b0ccb3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1998-0056 ; 0000-0002-2346-4540</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2761156115/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2761156115?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Moreno-Santos, Anastasio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rios-Hurtado, Jorge Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flores-Villaseñor, Sergio Enrique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esmeralda-Gomez, Alma Graciela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guevara-Chavez, Juanita Yazmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lara-Castillo, Fatima Pamela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escalante-Ibarra, Griselda Berenice</creatorcontrib><title>Hydroxyapatite Growth on Activated Carbon Surface for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Effect of Oxidation Time and CaSiO3 Addition on Hydrothermal Incubation</title><title>Applied sciences</title><description>Many adsorbent materials are now commercially available; however, studies have focused on modifying them to enhance their properties. In this study, an activated carbon (AC) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite was synthesized by the immersion of ACs in a simulated body fluid solution, varying the AC oxidation degree along with the addition of CaSiO3. The resulting composites were characterized by ash %, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and point of zero charge (PZC). The characterization results indicated that the addition of CaSiO3 and the oxygenated functional groups in the AC surface are key factors for HAp growth. The composites were tested on methylene blue (MB) adsorption as a potential application for the synthesized materials. Adsorption isotherms were modeled with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the composites were fitted to a Langmuir model with the highest qmax value of 9.82. The kinetic results indicated that for the pseudo-second-order model, the composites fitted, with a contact time of 180 min to remove a 95.61% average of the MB. The results indicate that composite materials can be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions at low concentrations since the material with the highest amount of HAp growth removed 99.8% of the MB in 180 min.</description><subject>Activated carbon</subject><subject>Adsorbents</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Body fluids</subject><subject>CaSiO3</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Equilibrium</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Hydroxyapatite</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Isotherms</subject><subject>Low concentrations</subject><subject>Methylene blue</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Surface chemistry</subject><subject>X-ray fluorescence</subject><issn>2076-3417</issn><issn>2076-3417</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUdtOGzEQXVWtBAKe-AFLPFYpvsX28pZGFCKB8gB9tnwZN442663XW8if9HPZTRBiNKMZnTlzZqSpqkuCfzBW42vTdYRhgrGUX6pTiqWYMU7k10_1SXXR91s8Wk2YIvi0-n-_9zm97k1nSiyA7nJ6KRuUWrRwJf4zBTxammxH4GnIwThAIWX0CGWzb6AF9LMZAC18n3JXYmpv0G0I4ApKAa1fozcTiJ7jDpBpJ6mnuGYj38dDY_TDAWUDeWcatGrdYA8z59W3YJoeLt7zWfX71-3z8n72sL5bLRcPM8cELzMp5swAs0o4apUnUio690rxIF1gRBIHQnAOohaCUTC1o9QJ4gmVFjtn2Vm1Our6ZLa6y3Fn8l4nE_UBSPmPNrlE14D2gRug1jLlLVcc15LXFpSQjgUvxKR1ddTqcvo7QF_0Ng25Hc_XVApC5lOMrO9Hlsup7zOEj60E6-mT-tMn2RtqDpHf</recordid><startdate>20230101</startdate><enddate>20230101</enddate><creator>Moreno-Santos, Anastasio</creator><creator>Rios-Hurtado, Jorge Carlos</creator><creator>Flores-Villaseñor, Sergio Enrique</creator><creator>Esmeralda-Gomez, Alma Graciela</creator><creator>Guevara-Chavez, Juanita Yazmin</creator><creator>Lara-Castillo, Fatima Pamela</creator><creator>Escalante-Ibarra, Griselda Berenice</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-0056</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-4540</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230101</creationdate><title>Hydroxyapatite Growth on Activated Carbon Surface for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Effect of Oxidation Time and CaSiO3 Addition on Hydrothermal Incubation</title><author>Moreno-Santos, Anastasio ; Rios-Hurtado, Jorge Carlos ; Flores-Villaseñor, Sergio Enrique ; Esmeralda-Gomez, Alma Graciela ; Guevara-Chavez, Juanita Yazmin ; Lara-Castillo, Fatima Pamela ; Escalante-Ibarra, Griselda Berenice</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-7653ae3b86c2b8d177825d884f7cf3171ce6644e696632ea9c22c61d127b0ccb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Activated carbon</topic><topic>Adsorbents</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Body fluids</topic><topic>CaSiO3</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Equilibrium</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Hydroxyapatite</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Isotherms</topic><topic>Low concentrations</topic><topic>Methylene blue</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Surface chemistry</topic><topic>X-ray fluorescence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Moreno-Santos, Anastasio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rios-Hurtado, Jorge Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flores-Villaseñor, Sergio Enrique</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esmeralda-Gomez, Alma Graciela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guevara-Chavez, Juanita Yazmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lara-Castillo, Fatima Pamela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escalante-Ibarra, Griselda Berenice</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Applied sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Moreno-Santos, Anastasio</au><au>Rios-Hurtado, Jorge Carlos</au><au>Flores-Villaseñor, Sergio Enrique</au><au>Esmeralda-Gomez, Alma Graciela</au><au>Guevara-Chavez, Juanita Yazmin</au><au>Lara-Castillo, Fatima Pamela</au><au>Escalante-Ibarra, Griselda Berenice</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hydroxyapatite Growth on Activated Carbon Surface for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Effect of Oxidation Time and CaSiO3 Addition on Hydrothermal Incubation</atitle><jtitle>Applied sciences</jtitle><date>2023-01-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>77</spage><pages>77-</pages><issn>2076-3417</issn><eissn>2076-3417</eissn><abstract>Many adsorbent materials are now commercially available; however, studies have focused on modifying them to enhance their properties. 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The kinetic results indicated that for the pseudo-second-order model, the composites fitted, with a contact time of 180 min to remove a 95.61% average of the MB. The results indicate that composite materials can be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of MB from aqueous solutions at low concentrations since the material with the highest amount of HAp growth removed 99.8% of the MB in 180 min.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/app13010077</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-0056</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-4540</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Activated carbon Adsorbents Adsorption Aqueous solutions Biomedical materials Body fluids CaSiO3 Composite materials Equilibrium Experiments Fluorescence Functional groups Hydroxyapatite Infrared spectroscopy Isotherms Low concentrations Methylene blue Oxidation Pollutants Scanning electron microscopy Surface chemistry X-ray fluorescence |
title | Hydroxyapatite Growth on Activated Carbon Surface for Methylene Blue Adsorption: Effect of Oxidation Time and CaSiO3 Addition on Hydrothermal Incubation |
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