Energy-Efficient LoRa Routing for Smart Grids

Energy-efficient routing protocols in Internet of Things (IoT) applications are always of colossal importance as they improve the network's longevity. The smart grid (SG) application of the IoT uses advanced metring infrastructure (AMI) to read and record power consumption periodically or on de...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-03, Vol.23 (6), p.3072
Main Authors: Repuri, Raja Kishore, Darsy, John Pradeep
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
advanced metring infrastructure
Algorithms
Automation
cluster head selection
Clustering
Communications networks
Cost control
Criteria
Data transmission
Electricity
Electricity distribution
Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Energy management
Energy management systems
Information management
Infrastructure
Infrastructure (Economics)
Internet of Things
IoT
LEACH
long range (LoRa)
Nodes
Packet transmission
Power supply
Protocol
Routing (telecommunications)
Satellite communications
Sensors
Smart grid technology
Supply & demand
Technology
Wireless communications
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Summary:Energy-efficient routing protocols in Internet of Things (IoT) applications are always of colossal importance as they improve the network's longevity. The smart grid (SG) application of the IoT uses advanced metring infrastructure (AMI) to read and record power consumption periodically or on demand. The AMI sensor nodes in a smart grid network sense, process, and transmit information, which require energy, which is a limited resource and is an important parameter required to maintain the network for a longer duration. The present work discusses a novel energy-efficient routing criterion in an SG environment realised using LoRa nodes. Firstly, a modified LEACH protocol-cumulative low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (Cum_LEACH) is proposed for cluster head selection among the nodes. It uses the cumulative energy distribution of the nodes to select the cluster head. Furthermore, for test packet transmission, multiple optimal paths are created using the quadratic kernelised African-buffalo-optimisation-based LOADng (qAB_LOADng) algorithm. The best optimal path is selected from these multiple paths using a modified version of the MAX algorithm called the SMAx algorithm. This routing criterion showed an improved energy consumption profile of the nodes and the number of active nodes after running for 5000 iterations compared to standard routing protocols such as LEACH, SEP, and DEEC.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s23063072