The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age

AIM: To determine the prevalence of red-green (RG) color vision deficiency (CVD) in an elderly population and its related factors. METHODS: This report is a part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study: a cross-sectional population-based study that was conducted on the elderly population (≥60y) of Tehran,...

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Published in:International journal of ophthalmology 2023-09, Vol.16 (9), p.1535-1541
Main Authors: Hashemi, Hassan, Hashemi, Alireza, Jamali, Alireza, Mortazavi, Abolghasem, Khabazkhoob, Mehdi
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Language:English
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color vision
deuteranopia
elderly
Investigation
population-base study
protanomaly
protanopia
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container_issue 9
container_start_page 1535
container_title International journal of ophthalmology
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creator Hashemi, Hassan
Hashemi, Alireza
Jamali, Alireza
Mortazavi, Abolghasem
Khabazkhoob, Mehdi
description AIM: To determine the prevalence of red-green (RG) color vision deficiency (CVD) in an elderly population and its related factors. METHODS: This report is a part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study: a cross-sectional population-based study that was conducted on the elderly population (≥60y) of Tehran, Iran using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. All study participants underwent complete ocular examination, including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The color vision was tested using Ishihara plates with the near optical correction in place. RESULTS: Of the 3791 invitees, 3310 participated in the study. The data of 2164 individuals were analyzed after applying the exclusion criteria. The prevalence of R-G CVD was 3.73% (95%CI: 2.37%–5.09%) in the whole sample; the prevalence of protanomaly, protanopia, and deuteranopia was 1.51%, 1.76%, and 0.45%, respectively. The prevalence of R-G CVD was significantly higher in males than in females. The prevalence of RG CVD increased with advancing age from 2.91% in the age group 60–64y to 5.8% in the age group ≥80y (P=0.070). According to the multiple logistic regression model, male sex, and glaucoma were significantly related to RG CVD. Older age and hypertension also had a marginally significant relationship with RG CVD. CONCLUSION: Changes in color vision occur in the elderly due to the aging process and some physiological and pathological factors. Since the change in visual perception may affect the person's performance, this aspect of the visual system's function should also be taken into consideration in the examinations of the elderly.
doi_str_mv 10.18240/ijo.2023.09.22
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METHODS: This report is a part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study: a cross-sectional population-based study that was conducted on the elderly population (≥60y) of Tehran, Iran using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. All study participants underwent complete ocular examination, including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The color vision was tested using Ishihara plates with the near optical correction in place. RESULTS: Of the 3791 invitees, 3310 participated in the study. The data of 2164 individuals were analyzed after applying the exclusion criteria. The prevalence of R-G CVD was 3.73% (95%CI: 2.37%–5.09%) in the whole sample; the prevalence of protanomaly, protanopia, and deuteranopia was 1.51%, 1.76%, and 0.45%, respectively. The prevalence of R-G CVD was significantly higher in males than in females. The prevalence of RG CVD increased with advancing age from 2.91% in the age group 60–64y to 5.8% in the age group ≥80y (P=0.070). According to the multiple logistic regression model, male sex, and glaucoma were significantly related to RG CVD. Older age and hypertension also had a marginally significant relationship with RG CVD. CONCLUSION: Changes in color vision occur in the elderly due to the aging process and some physiological and pathological factors. Since the change in visual perception may affect the person's performance, this aspect of the visual system's function should also be taken into consideration in the examinations of the elderly.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2222-3959</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2227-4898</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.09.22</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>International Journal of Ophthalmology Press</publisher><subject>color vision ; deuteranopia ; elderly ; Investigation ; population-base study ; protanomaly ; protanopia</subject><ispartof>International journal of ophthalmology, 2023-09, Vol.16 (9), p.1535-1541</ispartof><rights>International Journal of Ophthalmology Press 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10475627/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10475627/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hashemi, Hassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hashemi, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jamali, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortazavi, Abolghasem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khabazkhoob, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1545913487, Iran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1968653111, Iran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, Iran</creatorcontrib><title>The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age</title><title>International journal of ophthalmology</title><description>AIM: To determine the prevalence of red-green (RG) color vision deficiency (CVD) in an elderly population and its related factors. METHODS: This report is a part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study: a cross-sectional population-based study that was conducted on the elderly population (≥60y) of Tehran, Iran using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. All study participants underwent complete ocular examination, including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The color vision was tested using Ishihara plates with the near optical correction in place. RESULTS: Of the 3791 invitees, 3310 participated in the study. The data of 2164 individuals were analyzed after applying the exclusion criteria. The prevalence of R-G CVD was 3.73% (95%CI: 2.37%–5.09%) in the whole sample; the prevalence of protanomaly, protanopia, and deuteranopia was 1.51%, 1.76%, and 0.45%, respectively. The prevalence of R-G CVD was significantly higher in males than in females. The prevalence of RG CVD increased with advancing age from 2.91% in the age group 60–64y to 5.8% in the age group ≥80y (P=0.070). According to the multiple logistic regression model, male sex, and glaucoma were significantly related to RG CVD. Older age and hypertension also had a marginally significant relationship with RG CVD. CONCLUSION: Changes in color vision occur in the elderly due to the aging process and some physiological and pathological factors. Since the change in visual perception may affect the person's performance, this aspect of the visual system's function should also be taken into consideration in the examinations of the elderly.</description><subject>color vision</subject><subject>deuteranopia</subject><subject>elderly</subject><subject>Investigation</subject><subject>population-base study</subject><subject>protanomaly</subject><subject>protanopia</subject><issn>2222-3959</issn><issn>2227-4898</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkc1rGzEQxZfSQkOac6869rLOaLQf0qmU0DaBQC_pWWilkSMjr7bS2uD-9VXsUIguI_Te_B7oNc1nDhsusYPbsEsbBBQbUBvEd80VIo5tJ5V8f75jK1SvPjY3peygnqEHDt1V8_fpmdiS6WgizZZY8iyTa7eZaGY2xZTZMZSQZubIBxuq6cTM7FhYS3VGs5Jj3tg15cLCXCVG0VGOJ7ak5VD1l10zpSOxAdiJTPXVELOlT80Hb2Khm9d53fz-8f3p7r59_PXz4e7bY2uF4mvLlfUeEYD8yCcz8J47KWn0XqKZFCEoJwcluxHIeWGlwp6moeNuUjjyXlw3DxeuS2anlxz2Jp90MkGfH1LeapPXYCNpAiG9AadELztvjBQcwUlXQ8GrfqisrxfWcpj25CzNazbxDfStModnvU1HXT977AccK-HLKyGnPwcqq96HYilGM1M6FI1yGMQoFfBqvb1YbU6lZPL_czjoc-261q5fategNKL4B5oYodg</recordid><startdate>20230918</startdate><enddate>20230918</enddate><creator>Hashemi, Hassan</creator><creator>Hashemi, Alireza</creator><creator>Jamali, Alireza</creator><creator>Mortazavi, Abolghasem</creator><creator>Khabazkhoob, Mehdi</creator><general>International Journal of Ophthalmology Press</general><general>Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO PRESS)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230918</creationdate><title>The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age</title><author>Hashemi, Hassan ; Hashemi, Alireza ; Jamali, Alireza ; Mortazavi, Abolghasem ; Khabazkhoob, Mehdi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-19cff2200ef71ba6151d88e7ff82ab9e209d8698470edf3c8925eb641db927153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>color vision</topic><topic>deuteranopia</topic><topic>elderly</topic><topic>Investigation</topic><topic>population-base study</topic><topic>protanomaly</topic><topic>protanopia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hashemi, Hassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hashemi, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jamali, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortazavi, Abolghasem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khabazkhoob, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1545913487, Iran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1968653111, Iran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, Iran</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>International journal of ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hashemi, Hassan</au><au>Hashemi, Alireza</au><au>Jamali, Alireza</au><au>Mortazavi, Abolghasem</au><au>Khabazkhoob, Mehdi</au><aucorp>Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran</aucorp><aucorp>Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1545913487, Iran</aucorp><aucorp>Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1968653111, Iran</aucorp><aucorp>Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran 1983963113, Iran</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age</atitle><jtitle>International journal of ophthalmology</jtitle><date>2023-09-18</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1535</spage><epage>1541</epage><pages>1535-1541</pages><issn>2222-3959</issn><eissn>2227-4898</eissn><abstract>AIM: To determine the prevalence of red-green (RG) color vision deficiency (CVD) in an elderly population and its related factors. METHODS: This report is a part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study: a cross-sectional population-based study that was conducted on the elderly population (≥60y) of Tehran, Iran using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. All study participants underwent complete ocular examination, including the measurement of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The color vision was tested using Ishihara plates with the near optical correction in place. RESULTS: Of the 3791 invitees, 3310 participated in the study. The data of 2164 individuals were analyzed after applying the exclusion criteria. The prevalence of R-G CVD was 3.73% (95%CI: 2.37%–5.09%) in the whole sample; the prevalence of protanomaly, protanopia, and deuteranopia was 1.51%, 1.76%, and 0.45%, respectively. The prevalence of R-G CVD was significantly higher in males than in females. The prevalence of RG CVD increased with advancing age from 2.91% in the age group 60–64y to 5.8% in the age group ≥80y (P=0.070). According to the multiple logistic regression model, male sex, and glaucoma were significantly related to RG CVD. Older age and hypertension also had a marginally significant relationship with RG CVD. CONCLUSION: Changes in color vision occur in the elderly due to the aging process and some physiological and pathological factors. Since the change in visual perception may affect the person's performance, this aspect of the visual system's function should also be taken into consideration in the examinations of the elderly.</abstract><pub>International Journal of Ophthalmology Press</pub><doi>10.18240/ijo.2023.09.22</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects color vision
deuteranopia
elderly
Investigation
population-base study
protanomaly
protanopia
title The prevalence of red-green color vision deficiency and its related factors in an elderly population above 60 years of age
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