Comparing and Contrasting MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: Prevention, Transmission, Management, and Vaccine Development

The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for an unprecedented disruption to the healthcare systems and economies of countries around the world. Developing novel therapeutics and a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 requires an understanding of the similarities and differences between the various human coronavir...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2020-11, Vol.9 (12), p.985
Main Authors: Oves, Mohammad, Ravindran, Mithunan, Rauf, Mohd Ahmar, Omaish Ansari, Mohammad, Zahin, Maryam, Iyer, Arun K, Ismail, Iqbal M I, Khan, Meraj A, Palaniyar, Nades
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2019-nCoV
coronavirus
Coronaviruses
Cough
COVID-19
Disease transmission
Dyspnea
Epidemics
Fever
Infectious diseases
MERS-CoV
Middle East respiratory syndrome
Mortality
Outbreaks
Pandemics
Patients
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Pneumonia
Public health
Respiration
Respiratory distress syndrome
Review
RNA polymerase
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signs and symptoms
Vaccine development
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Viruses
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Summary:The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for an unprecedented disruption to the healthcare systems and economies of countries around the world. Developing novel therapeutics and a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 requires an understanding of the similarities and differences between the various human coronaviruses with regards to their phylogenic relationships, transmission, and management. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that humans were first infected with SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and the virus rapidly spread from the outbreak epicenter in Wuhan, China to various parts of the world. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have now been identified in particular regions. It is apparent that MERS, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 present with several common symptoms including fever, cough, and dyspnea in mild cases, but can also progress to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Understanding the molecular steps leading to SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and the viral replication cycle can illuminate crucial targets for testing several potential therapeutics. Genomic and structural details of SARS-CoV-2 and previous attempts to generate vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS have provided vaccine targets to manage future outbreaks more effectively. The coordinated global response against this emerging infectious disease is unique and has helped address the need for urgent therapeutics and vaccines in a remarkably short time.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens9120985