Ionic Liquid-Dispersive Micro-Extraction and Detection by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Antifouling Biocides in Water

A simple analytical method was developed and evaluated for the determination of two antifouling biocides using an ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (IL-DLLME) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis. Irgarol 105...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-01, Vol.28 (3), p.1263
Main Authors: Zhou, Li, Wu, Tong, Yu, Chuanshan, Liu, Shaowen, Pan, Canping
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
antifouling biocides
Antifouling substances
Biocides
Chemical analysis
Chemical properties
Control
Deionization
Dispersion
Efficiency
Ethyl acetate
Extraction (Chemistry)
Fouling of ship bottoms
Fresh water
High performance liquid chromatography
high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
Identification and classification
ionic liquid-dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (IL-DLLME)
Ionic liquids
Ionization
Ions
Liquid chromatography
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Methods
Pesticides
Salt effect
Sea-water
Seawater
Solvents
Toxicity
Water analysis
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Summary:A simple analytical method was developed and evaluated for the determination of two antifouling biocides using an ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (IL-DLLME) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis. Irgarol 1051 and Sea-Nine 211 were extracted from deionized water, lake water, and seawater using IL 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([HMIm][PF6]) and ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent and the dispersion solvent. Several factors were considered, including the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, IL amount, sample pH, salt effect, and cooling temperature. The developed method resulted in a recovery range of 78.7-90.3%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD, = 3) less than 7.5%. The analytes were enriched greater than 40-fold, and the limits of detection (LOD) for two antifouling biocides were 0.01-0.1 μg L . The method was effectively applied for the analysis of real samples of freshwater as well as samples of seawater.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules28031263