Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Dysregulation of Gene Expression and Lipid Metabolism in HIV+ Patients: Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has continued to be the subject of study since its discovery nearly 40 years ago. Significant advances in research and intake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have slowed the progression and appearance of the disease symptoms and the incidence of concomita...

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Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-05, Vol.23 (10), p.5592
Main Authors: Jiménez-Osorio, Angélica Saraí, Jaen-Vega, Sinaí, Fernández-Martínez, Eduardo, Ortíz-Rodríguez, María Araceli, Martínez-Salazar, María Fernanda, Jiménez-Sánchez, Reyna Cristina, Flores-Chávez, Olga Rocío, Ramírez-Moreno, Esther, Arias-Rico, José, Arteaga-García, Felipe, Estrada-Luna, Diego
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antioxidants
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiretroviral therapy
Asymptomatic
Cholesterol
Cytokines
Degenerative diseases
Disease
Drug therapy
Enzymes
Gene expression
genes
High density lipoprotein
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Illnesses
Immune system
Infections
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Kinases
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
Lymphocytes
Metabolism
Metabolites
Mitochondrial DNA
Oxidative stress
Phytochemicals
Prolongation
Proteins
Review
Signs and symptoms
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Viruses
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Summary:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has continued to be the subject of study since its discovery nearly 40 years ago. Significant advances in research and intake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have slowed the progression and appearance of the disease symptoms and the incidence of concomitant diseases, which are the leading cause of death in HIV+ persons. However, the prolongation of ART is closely related to chronic degenerative diseases and pathologies caused by oxidative stress (OS) and alterations in lipid metabolism (increased cholesterol levels), both of which are conditions of ART. Therefore, recent research focuses on using natural therapies to diminish the effects of ART and HIV infection: regulating lipid metabolism and reducing OS status. The present review summarizes current information on OS and cholesterol metabolism in HIV+ persons and how the consumption of certain phytochemicals can modulate these. For this purpose, MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases were consulted to identify publications investigating HIV disease and natural therapies and their associated effects.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23105592