Chemical composition of the volatile oil of Cardiopetalum calophyllum collected in the Cerrado area

• Published in: Ciência rural 2016-05, Vol.46 (5), p.937-942
• Main Authors: Xavier, Marcelo Nogueira, Alves, Cássia Cristina Fernandes, Cazal, Cristiane de Melo, Santos, Nathalia Horrana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGRONOMY; Annonaceae; Chemical analysis; Chemical composition; Chemical compounds; Chromatography; composição química; Composting; Essential oils; Flowers; Fruits; Gas chromatography; Germacrene; Hydrocarbons; imbirinha; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolism; Metabolites; Oils & fats; Oxygenation; Scientific imaging; Spathulenol; Species diversity; óleo essencial
• ISSN: 1678-4596; 0103-8478; 1678-4596
• DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20150371

The Annonaceae family consists of ~135 genera with diverse species and a large number of chemical compounds arising from the secondary metabolism. However, the chemical composition of the essential oil of several species of the family such as Cardiopetalum calophyllum has not been completely determined. In this study, the essential oils extracted from the leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum , collected in typical areas of the Cerrado of Goiás, were characterized. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation for 4h using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the constituents were identified by comparing the spectra and retention index obtained with those available in the literature. Twenty three compounds were identified in the essential oil of leaves; the oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (28.78%), was the major compound. Twenty five compounds were identified in the flowers, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (37.03%) and germacrene-B (13.72%). Seventeen compounds were reported in fruits, mainly comprising sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, germacrene-D (28.19%) and germacrene-B (20.90%), and an oxygenated sesquiterpene, spathulenol (11.53%). This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves, flowers, and fruits of C. calophyllum. RESUMO: A família Annonaceae é constituída por cerca de 135 gêneros, com uma diversidade extensa de espécies com grande quantidade de compostos químicos diversificados, advindos do metabolismo secundário. Entretanto, as informações sobre a composição química de óleo essencial de várias espécies da família ainda são incipientes, como é o caso da Cardiopetalum calophyllum . O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar quimicamente o óleo essencial extraído de folhas, flores e frutos da C. calophyllum , coletadas em áreas típicas do Cerrado goiano. A extração do óleo essencial se deu pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho de clevenger por um período de 4 horas. A análise química do óleo essencial foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-MS) e a identificação dos constituintes pela comparação dos espectros obtidos com os espectros disponíveis na literatura e pelo cálculo do índice de retenção (IR). Foram identificados 23 compostos no óleo essencial das folhas, em que o composto majoritário foi o sesquiterpeno oxigenado espatulenol (28,78%); nas