Reduced-intensity conditioning haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in genetic diseases: Experience of the Spanish Working Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children

• Published in: Anales de Pediatría 2018-04, Vol.88 (4), p.196-203
• Main Authors: Lucía López-Granados, Montserrat Torrent, Ana Sastre, Marta Gonzalez-Vicent, Cristina Díaz de Heredia, Bienvenida Argilés, Antonia Pascual, José M. Pérez-Hurtado, Luisa Sisinni, Miguel Ángel Diaz, Izaskun Elorza, M. Angeles Dasí, Isabel Badell
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: Enfermedades genéticas; Régimen de intensidad reducida; Trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos
• ISSN: 2341-2879; 2341-2879

Introduction: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves implanting cellular elements capable of generating a new and healthy haematopoietic system. Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) consists of an immunosuppressive treatment to facilitate a progressive implant with lower morbidity. This type of conditioning can also lead to myelosuppression, which is potentially reversible over time.Reduced intensity conditioning enables HSCT to be performed on patients with genetic diseases for whom added comorbidity is undesirable due to the high doses of chemotherapy that accompanies conventional myeloablative regimens. Patients and methods: An analysis was performed on the outcomes of 68 paediatric patients with genetic diseases who underwent HSCT with RIC between 2005 and 2013 in the of Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Units that are part of the Spanish Working Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children.A multicentre study was conducted including 68 patients, of whom 43 had Primary Immunodeficiency, 21 with congenital haematological diseases, and 4 with metabolic diseases. Results: Fifty (73.5%) of the 68 patients were still alive. The overall survival (OS) at nine years was 0.74. Twenty-three (33.8%) had some event during the course of the HSCT, with an event-free survival rate of 0.66. The OS in patients with haematological diseases was 0.81, being 0.7 in primary immunodeficiencies, and 0.4 in metabolic diseases. No significant difference was observed between the 3 groups of diseases. As regards the source of haematopoietic progenitors, there was an OS rate of 0.74 in patients transplanted with peripheral blood, 0.70 with bone marrow, and 0.70 and with cord blood, with no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Favourable results have been obtained in HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning in genetic diseases. It should be noted that the risks and benefits of the RIC in patients with metabolic diseases need to be assessed on an individual basis. Resumen: Introducción: El trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos (TPH) consiste en implantar elementos celulares capaces de generar un sistema hematopoyético nuevo y sano. El régimen de intensidad reducida (RIR) consiste en un tratamiento predominantemente inmunosupresor, para facilitar un implante progresivo con menor morbilidad. Este tipo de acondicionamiento puede también provocar mielosupresión, aunque potencialmente reversible en el tiempo.El acondicionamient