Modification of Gravitational Field Equation due to Invariance of Light Speed and New System of Universe Evolution

• Published in: Advances in astronomy 2021-03, Vol.2021, p.1-14
• Main Author: Yang, Jian Liang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Black holes; Coordinate transformations; Cosmology; Coupling coefficients; Dark energy; Dark matter; Evolution; Galaxies; Gravitational fields; Gravity; Light; Light speed; Planetary evolution; Planetary orbits; Red shift; Relativity; Spacetime; Star & galaxy formation; Stars & galaxies; Theory of relativity; Universe
• ISSN: 1687-7969; 1687-7977
• DOI: 10.1155/2021/5579060

We make a systematic examination of the basic theory of general relativity and reemphasize the meaning of coordinates. Firstly, we prove that Einsteinʼs gravitational field equation has the light speed invariant solution and black holes are not an inevitable prediction of general relativity. Second, we show that the coupling coefficient of the gravitational field equation is not unique and can be modified as 4πG to replace the previous −8πG, distinguish gravitational mass from the inertial mass, and prove that dark matter and dark energy are not certain existence and the expansion and contraction of the universe are proven cyclic, and a new distance-redshift relation which is more practical is derived. After that, we show that galaxies and celestial bodies are formed by gradual growth rather than by the accumulation of existing matter and prove that new matter is generating gradually in the interior of celestial bodies. For example, the radius of the Earth increases by 0.5 mm every year, and its mass increases by 1.2 trillion tons. A more reasonable derivation of the precession of planetary orbits is given, and the evolution equation of planetary orbits in the expanding space-time is also given. In a word, an alive universe unfolds in front of readers and the current cosmological difficulties are given new interpretations.