Multipoint Lock-in Detection for Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometry Using DDS-Based Frequency-Shift Keying

In recent years, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamonds has been demonstrated to be a high-performance multiphysics sensor, where a lock-in amplifier (LIA) is often adopted to monitor photoluminescence changes around the resonance. It is rather complex when multiple resonant points are utilize...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Micromachines (Basel) 2023-12, Vol.15 (1), p.14
Main Authors: Hu, Qidi, Cheng, Luheng, Liu, Yushan, Zhu, Xinyi, Tian, Yu, Xu, Nanyang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acquisition and processing equipment
Diamonds
Digital signal processors
direct digital synthesizer
Embedded systems
field programmable gate array
Field programmable gate arrays
Frequency modulation
Keying
Lock in amplifiers
Magnetic fields
Magnetic measurement
microwave source
Nitrogen
Photoluminescence
quantum precision measurement
Random access memory
Semiconductor industry
Spectrum allocation
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Summary:In recent years, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamonds has been demonstrated to be a high-performance multiphysics sensor, where a lock-in amplifier (LIA) is often adopted to monitor photoluminescence changes around the resonance. It is rather complex when multiple resonant points are utilized to realize a vector or temperature-magnetic joint sensing. In this article, we present a novel scheme to realize multipoint lock-in detection with only a single-channel device. This method is based on a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) and frequency-shift keying (FSK) technique, which is capable of freely hopping frequencies with a maximum of 1.4 GHz bandwidth and encoding an unlimited number of resonant points during the sensing process. We demonstrate this method in experiments and show it would be generally useful in quantum multi-frequency excitation applications, especially in the portable and highly mobile cases.
ISSN:2072-666X
2072-666X
DOI:10.3390/mi15010014