GC-MS Analysis of Chemical Constituents in Ethanolic Bee Pollen Extracts from Three Species of Malaysian Stingless Bee

The pollen of stingless bees is derived from flower pollen mixed with bee digestive enzymes and preserved with honey and nectar. In this study, the volatile compounds present in ethanolic bee pollen extracts (BPEs) from three species of the Malaysian stingless bee were analyzed using gas chromatogra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of Apicultural Science 2018-12, Vol.62 (2), p.275-284
Main Authors: Omar, Wan Adnan Wan, Yahaya, Noorfatimah, Ghaffar, Zainab Abdul, Fadzilah, Nurdianah Harif
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcohols
Amino acids
Bees
Chemical compounds
Digestive enzymes
Fatty acids
Gas chromatography
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Hydrocarbons
Linoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Malaysian stingless bee pollen
Mannitol
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Nectar
Organic chemistry
Palmitic acid
Pollen
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Propionic acid
Sugar
Trigona
Uridine
Volatile compounds
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Summary:The pollen of stingless bees is derived from flower pollen mixed with bee digestive enzymes and preserved with honey and nectar. In this study, the volatile compounds present in ethanolic bee pollen extracts (BPEs) from three species of the Malaysian stingless bee were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrocarbons, sugars and its derivatives, fatty acids, amino acids, alcohol, uridine, aldehyde and an unknown carbamate were detected. Mannitol, the main sugar compounds, represented 54.34% in , 39.11% in and 33.05% in Propanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid were the main hydrocarbons present in the extract of (4.04%) and pollen (1.28%) respectively. The polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and -linolenic acid were found in small amounts in all BPEs (0.07-1.11%). The chemical compounds found in BPEs had biological activities, thus bee pollen may be useful in traditional medicine and as a health supplement.
ISSN:2299-4831
1643-4439
2299-4831
DOI:10.2478/jas-2018-0022