Plasma-Activated Water Modulates Root Hair Cell Density via Root Developmental Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana L

• Published in: Applied sciences 2021-03, Vol.11 (5), p.2240
• Main Authors: Ka, Dong Hyeun, Priatama, Ryza Aditya, Park, Joo Young, Park, Soon Ju, Kim, Seong Bong, Lee, In Ah, Lee, Young Koung
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Arabidopsis thaliana; Arabidopsis thaliana L; Cell density; Density; Dielectric barrier discharge; Electrodes; Ethanol; Fertilizers; Gene expression; Genes; Genomes; Hydrogen peroxide; Low temperature; Microscopy; Molecular modelling; nitrate; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Physicochemical analysis; Plant growth; Plasma; plasma agriculture; plasma-activated water; root cell number; Seedlings; Seeds; Water analysis; Water sampling; Xyloglucan
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app11052240

Low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma technology has been used in agriculture and plant science by direct and indirect treatment of bio-samples. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms affected by plasma-activated water (PAW) are largely unexplored. In this study, PAW generated from a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) device was used for plant development. Physicochemical analysis was performed to confirm the PAW properties that correlated with the plasma treatment time. Arabidopsis thaliana L. was utilized to study the effect of the PAW treatment in the early developmental stage. The plasma-activated water samples are denoted as PAW5 time in minutes (min), PAW7 min, PAW12 min, PAW19 min and PAW40 min with the plasma treatment time. Seedlings grown in the PAW5, PAW7 and PAW12 had increased root lengths while the root lengths were decreased in the PAW19 and PAW40. In the cellular level observation, the PAW treatment specifically increased the root hair numbers per unit of the root but suppressed the root hair length in the PAW, indicating that PAW mainly modulates the root hair cell density in the root. Furthermore, we found that the root hair density and length at PAW5 in maximal observed conditions were positively regulated by root developmental-related genes including COBRA-LIKE9 (COBL9), XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/HYDROLASE9 (XTH9), XTH17, AUXIN1 (AUX1) and LIKE-AUXIN (LAX3).