Dietary patterns and associations between air pollution and gestational diabetes mellitus

• Published in: Environment international 2021-02, Vol.147, p.106347, Article 106347
• Main Authors: Hehua, Zhang, Yang, Xia, Qing, Chang, Shanyan, Gao, Yuhong, Zhao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air pollutants; Air Pollutants - adverse effects; Air Pollutants - analysis; Air Pollution - adverse effects; Air Pollution - analysis; China - epidemiology; Cohort studies; Diabetes, Gestational - epidemiology; Diabetes, Gestational - etiology; Dietary pattern; Female; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Humans; Particulate Matter - adverse effects; Particulate Matter - analysis; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
• ISSN: 0160-4120; 1873-6750
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106347

•Daily dietary intake is closely related to the occurrence of GDM.•Reportedly, prenatal exposure to air pollution could also increase the risk of GDM.•We explored interactions between diet and pre-pregnancy air pollution exposure.•The study was based on a prospective birth cohort in Northeast China.•The intake of animal foods could aggravate the effect of exposure to air pollution. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been increasing worldwide. Dietary patterns and air pollution are closely related to the occurrence of GDM. No previous study has explored the interaction effect of air pollution exposure and dietary patterns on GDM. We explored the interaction effect between main dietary patterns and pre-pregnancy exposure to air pollution on the development of GDM based on a prospective birth cohort in Northeast China. A total of 2244 participants were included in this study. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. We found that long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) before pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM; the animal foods pattern significantly modified these associations. The sub-group analysis showed that compared with a lower intake in the animal foods pattern (NO2, odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84, 1.35; CO, OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.34), higher intake in the animal foods pattern (NO2, OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.83; CO, OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.76) before pregnancy increased the hazardous effects of NO2 and CO on GDM development. The intake of animal blood, animal organs, preserved eggs, and processed meat products in animal food pattern could all aggravate the effect of exposure to air pollution due to NO2 and CO on GDM. Our study demonstrated that there was a significant interaction effect between animal foods pattern and exposure to air pollution on GDM. These results provide further scientific evidence of the associations among air pollution, dietary intake, and GDM, and may help as well as the prevention of GDM.