Effect of e-waste nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of epoxy-blend sisal woven fiber-reinforced composites

• Published in: Green processing and synthesis 2023-12, Vol.12 (1), p.434-55
• Main Authors: Immanuel Durai Raj, Jebasingh, Durairaj, Ramamoorthy Iyer Balasubramaniyan, John Rajan, Amaladas, Barmavatu, Praveen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ANOVA analysis; Biodegradation; Cellulose; Circuit boards; Composition; Differential scanning calorimetry; e-waste filler; Electronic waste; Epoxy resins; Fiber composites; Fiber reinforced polymers; Hand lay-up; Hemicellulose; Landfills; Lignocellulose; lignocellulosic sisal composites; Mechanical properties; Mechanical tests; Particulate composites; Plant extracts; Printed circuits; Sisal; Surface roughness; Synthetic fibers; Taguchi L; taguchi l18; Waste disposal sites; Water absorption; wear test; Wear tests; Woven fabrics
• ISSN: 2191-9550; 2191-9542; 2191-9550
• DOI: 10.1515/gps-2023-0164

Lignocellulosic biomass extracted from plants that contain rich amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content can replace synthetic fibers in many engineering applications and is biodegradable. However, e-waste is rapidly evolving into one of the most serious environmental issues in the world owing to the presence of several toxic compounds that can contaminate the environment and pose a threat to human health. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are one of the major components available in e-waste. In this research work, waste PCB (WPCB) powder is mixed in suitable proportions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% with a lignocellulosic sisal woven fabric fiber mat, and blended with epoxy resin using the vacuum-assisted hand lay-up method. To determine the effect of particle size on the fabricated composites, mechanical, thermal, water absorption, surface roughness, and wear tests were conducted. It was found that the composition that contains 15% nanofiller composites gave better results in mechanical testing than the composition that contains 10% microfiller composites. Pin-on disc wear test and differential scanning calorimetric thermal test results show that 10% microfiller composites show better outcome results than 15% nanofiller composites. Testing values indicate that lignocellulosic sisal fiber composites with WPCB nano- and microfillers can be substituted for many engineering applications instead of being disposed of in landfills.