Utility of Keratins as Biomarkers for Human Oral Precancer and Cancer

Human oral cancer is the single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent and the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity, constituting over 90% of oral cancers. About 90% of OSCCs arise...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.12 (3), p.343
Main Authors: Vaidya, Milind, Dmello, Crismita, Mogre, Saie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biomarker
Biomarkers
Cancer
Genomes
Keratin
keratins
Lesions
Lymph
Lymphatic system
Malignancy
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Metastasis
Molecular weight
Mutation
Oral cancer
Oral cavity
oral precancer
Proteins
Review
Squamous cell carcinoma
Survival
Tumors
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Summary:Human oral cancer is the single largest group of malignancies in the Indian subcontinent and the sixth largest group of malignancies worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity, constituting over 90% of oral cancers. About 90% of OSCCs arise from pre-existing, potentially malignant lesions. According to WHO, OSCC has a 5-year survival rate of 45-60%. Late diagnosis, recurrence, and regional or lymph nodal metastases could be the main causes of the high mortality rates. Biomarkers may help categorize and predict premalignant lesions as high risk of developing malignancy, local recurrence, and lymph nodal metastasis. However, at present, there is a dearth of such markers, and this is an area of ongoing research. Keratins (K) or cytokeratins are a group of intermediate filament proteins that show paired and differentiation dependent expression. Our laboratory and others have shown consistent alterations in the expression patterns of keratins in both oral precancerous lesions and tumors. The correlation of these changes with clinicopathological parameters has also been demonstrated. Furthermore, the functional significance of aberrant keratins 8/18 expression in the malignant transformation and progression of oral tumors has also been documented. This article reviews the literature that emphasizes the value of keratins as biomarkers for the prognostication of human oral precancers and cancers.
ISSN:2075-1729
2075-1729
DOI:10.3390/life12030343