Loading…
Quantitative Evaluation of Unfilled Grout in Tendons of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by Portable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray Sources
We have developed porTable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band (9.3 GHz) electron linear accelerator (LINAC)-based X-ray sources and conducted onsite prestressed concrete (PC) bridge inspection in the last 10 years. A T-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–400 mm and a box-shaped PC girder bridge wit...
Saved in:
Published in: | Applied sciences 2021-06, Vol.11 (12), p.5525 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-99a431ee3679500100f758c07bac8c519f60bc16dd5d3a9aae06a53bd5e530e3 |
---|---|
cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-99a431ee3679500100f758c07bac8c519f60bc16dd5d3a9aae06a53bd5e530e3 |
container_end_page | |
container_issue | 12 |
container_start_page | 5525 |
container_title | Applied sciences |
container_volume | 11 |
creator | Uesaka, Mitsuru Yang, Jian Dobashi, Katsuhiro Kusano, Joichi Mitsuya, Yuki Iizuka, Yoshiyuki |
description | We have developed porTable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band (9.3 GHz) electron linear accelerator (LINAC)-based X-ray sources and conducted onsite prestressed concrete (PC) bridge inspection in the last 10 years. A T-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–400 mm and a box-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–800 mm were tested. X-ray transmission images of flaws such as thinning, fray, and disconnection caused by corrosion of PC wires and unfilled grout were observed. A three-dimensional structural analysis was performed to estimate the reduction in the yield stress of the bridge. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the unfilled grout quantitatively because it is the main flaw that results in water filling and corrosion. In the measured X-ray images, we obtained gray values, which correspond to the X-ray attenuation coefficients of filled/unfilled grouts, PC wires (steel) in a sheath, and concrete. Then, we compared the ratio of the gray values of the filled/unfilled grouts and PC wires to determine the stage of the unfilled grout. We examined this quantitative evaluation using the data obtained from a real T-shaped PC girder bridge and model samples to simulate thick box-shaped PC girder bridges. We obtained a clear quantitative difference in the ratios for unfilled and filled grouts, which coincided with our visual perception. We synthesized the experience and data and proposed a quantitative analysis for evaluating the unfilled grout for subsequent steps such as structural analysis and destructive evaluation by boring surveys. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/app11125525 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_e594c8b268d045369c7178799abb4447</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_e594c8b268d045369c7178799abb4447</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2544958636</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-99a431ee3679500100f758c07bac8c519f60bc16dd5d3a9aae06a53bd5e530e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpNUdtq3DAQNaWBhiRP_QFBH4sTybpZj-2SbgMJTck29E2MpXHQ1rW2khzYH-h3R-mWkIFhhjnDmctpmveMnnNu6AXsdoyxTspOvmmOO6pVywXTb1_l75qznLe0mmG8Z_S4-ft9gbmEAiU8Irl8hGmpaZxJHMmPeQzThJ6sU1wKCTPZ4OzjnJ_B24S5VM8VX8XZJSxI1iF5TORzCv4BMxn25DamAsOExEhKfuH9BT83ktzgPfnZJtiTu7gkh_m0ORphynj2P540my-Xm9XX9vrb-mr16bp1XInSGgOCM0SudOWjjNJRy95RPYDrnWRmVHRwTHkvPQcDgFSB5IOXKDlFftJcHWh9hK3dpfAb0t5GCPZfIaYHC6kEN6FFaYTrh071ngrJlXGa6V7XDYZBCKEr14cD1y7FP0t9ht3WW-a6ve2kEEb2iqva9fHQ5VLMOeH4MpVR-yybfSUbfwKL24iu</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2544958636</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Quantitative Evaluation of Unfilled Grout in Tendons of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by Portable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray Sources</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><creator>Uesaka, Mitsuru ; Yang, Jian ; Dobashi, Katsuhiro ; Kusano, Joichi ; Mitsuya, Yuki ; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki</creator><creatorcontrib>Uesaka, Mitsuru ; Yang, Jian ; Dobashi, Katsuhiro ; Kusano, Joichi ; Mitsuya, Yuki ; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki</creatorcontrib><description>We have developed porTable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band (9.3 GHz) electron linear accelerator (LINAC)-based X-ray sources and conducted onsite prestressed concrete (PC) bridge inspection in the last 10 years. A T-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–400 mm and a box-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–800 mm were tested. X-ray transmission images of flaws such as thinning, fray, and disconnection caused by corrosion of PC wires and unfilled grout were observed. A three-dimensional structural analysis was performed to estimate the reduction in the yield stress of the bridge. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the unfilled grout quantitatively because it is the main flaw that results in water filling and corrosion. In the measured X-ray images, we obtained gray values, which correspond to the X-ray attenuation coefficients of filled/unfilled grouts, PC wires (steel) in a sheath, and concrete. Then, we compared the ratio of the gray values of the filled/unfilled grouts and PC wires to determine the stage of the unfilled grout. We examined this quantitative evaluation using the data obtained from a real T-shaped PC girder bridge and model samples to simulate thick box-shaped PC girder bridges. We obtained a clear quantitative difference in the ratios for unfilled and filled grouts, which coincided with our visual perception. We synthesized the experience and data and proposed a quantitative analysis for evaluating the unfilled grout for subsequent steps such as structural analysis and destructive evaluation by boring surveys.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2076-3417</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2076-3417</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/app11125525</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources ; Aging ; Attenuation coefficients ; Bridge inspection ; Bridges ; Concrete ; Concrete bridges ; Corrosion ; Electric power ; Grout ; Image transmission ; Infrastructure ; Linear accelerators ; onsite X-ray bridge inspection ; PC bridge ; Prestressed concrete ; Quantitative analysis ; quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout ; Sensors ; Sheaths ; Structural analysis ; Superhigh frequencies ; T shape ; Tendons ; Thickness ; Three dimensional analysis ; unfilled grout ; Visual perception ; X ray sources ; X-rays ; Yield stress</subject><ispartof>Applied sciences, 2021-06, Vol.11 (12), p.5525</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-99a431ee3679500100f758c07bac8c519f60bc16dd5d3a9aae06a53bd5e530e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-99a431ee3679500100f758c07bac8c519f60bc16dd5d3a9aae06a53bd5e530e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2870-2103</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2544958636/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2544958636?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,75126</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Uesaka, Mitsuru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobashi, Katsuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kusano, Joichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitsuya, Yuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iizuka, Yoshiyuki</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative Evaluation of Unfilled Grout in Tendons of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by Portable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray Sources</title><title>Applied sciences</title><description>We have developed porTable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band (9.3 GHz) electron linear accelerator (LINAC)-based X-ray sources and conducted onsite prestressed concrete (PC) bridge inspection in the last 10 years. A T-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–400 mm and a box-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–800 mm were tested. X-ray transmission images of flaws such as thinning, fray, and disconnection caused by corrosion of PC wires and unfilled grout were observed. A three-dimensional structural analysis was performed to estimate the reduction in the yield stress of the bridge. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the unfilled grout quantitatively because it is the main flaw that results in water filling and corrosion. In the measured X-ray images, we obtained gray values, which correspond to the X-ray attenuation coefficients of filled/unfilled grouts, PC wires (steel) in a sheath, and concrete. Then, we compared the ratio of the gray values of the filled/unfilled grouts and PC wires to determine the stage of the unfilled grout. We examined this quantitative evaluation using the data obtained from a real T-shaped PC girder bridge and model samples to simulate thick box-shaped PC girder bridges. We obtained a clear quantitative difference in the ratios for unfilled and filled grouts, which coincided with our visual perception. We synthesized the experience and data and proposed a quantitative analysis for evaluating the unfilled grout for subsequent steps such as structural analysis and destructive evaluation by boring surveys.</description><subject>950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Attenuation coefficients</subject><subject>Bridge inspection</subject><subject>Bridges</subject><subject>Concrete</subject><subject>Concrete bridges</subject><subject>Corrosion</subject><subject>Electric power</subject><subject>Grout</subject><subject>Image transmission</subject><subject>Infrastructure</subject><subject>Linear accelerators</subject><subject>onsite X-ray bridge inspection</subject><subject>PC bridge</subject><subject>Prestressed concrete</subject><subject>Quantitative analysis</subject><subject>quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Sheaths</subject><subject>Structural analysis</subject><subject>Superhigh frequencies</subject><subject>T shape</subject><subject>Tendons</subject><subject>Thickness</subject><subject>Three dimensional analysis</subject><subject>unfilled grout</subject><subject>Visual perception</subject><subject>X ray sources</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><subject>Yield stress</subject><issn>2076-3417</issn><issn>2076-3417</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpNUdtq3DAQNaWBhiRP_QFBH4sTybpZj-2SbgMJTck29E2MpXHQ1rW2khzYH-h3R-mWkIFhhjnDmctpmveMnnNu6AXsdoyxTspOvmmOO6pVywXTb1_l75qznLe0mmG8Z_S4-ft9gbmEAiU8Irl8hGmpaZxJHMmPeQzThJ6sU1wKCTPZ4OzjnJ_B24S5VM8VX8XZJSxI1iF5TORzCv4BMxn25DamAsOExEhKfuH9BT83ktzgPfnZJtiTu7gkh_m0ORphynj2P540my-Xm9XX9vrb-mr16bp1XInSGgOCM0SudOWjjNJRy95RPYDrnWRmVHRwTHkvPQcDgFSB5IOXKDlFftJcHWh9hK3dpfAb0t5GCPZfIaYHC6kEN6FFaYTrh071ngrJlXGa6V7XDYZBCKEr14cD1y7FP0t9ht3WW-a6ve2kEEb2iqva9fHQ5VLMOeH4MpVR-yybfSUbfwKL24iu</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Uesaka, Mitsuru</creator><creator>Yang, Jian</creator><creator>Dobashi, Katsuhiro</creator><creator>Kusano, Joichi</creator><creator>Mitsuya, Yuki</creator><creator>Iizuka, Yoshiyuki</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-2103</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>Quantitative Evaluation of Unfilled Grout in Tendons of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by Portable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray Sources</title><author>Uesaka, Mitsuru ; Yang, Jian ; Dobashi, Katsuhiro ; Kusano, Joichi ; Mitsuya, Yuki ; Iizuka, Yoshiyuki</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-99a431ee3679500100f758c07bac8c519f60bc16dd5d3a9aae06a53bd5e530e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Attenuation coefficients</topic><topic>Bridge inspection</topic><topic>Bridges</topic><topic>Concrete</topic><topic>Concrete bridges</topic><topic>Corrosion</topic><topic>Electric power</topic><topic>Grout</topic><topic>Image transmission</topic><topic>Infrastructure</topic><topic>Linear accelerators</topic><topic>onsite X-ray bridge inspection</topic><topic>PC bridge</topic><topic>Prestressed concrete</topic><topic>Quantitative analysis</topic><topic>quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Sheaths</topic><topic>Structural analysis</topic><topic>Superhigh frequencies</topic><topic>T shape</topic><topic>Tendons</topic><topic>Thickness</topic><topic>Three dimensional analysis</topic><topic>unfilled grout</topic><topic>Visual perception</topic><topic>X ray sources</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><topic>Yield stress</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Uesaka, Mitsuru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobashi, Katsuhiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kusano, Joichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitsuya, Yuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iizuka, Yoshiyuki</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals(OpenAccess)</collection><jtitle>Applied sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Uesaka, Mitsuru</au><au>Yang, Jian</au><au>Dobashi, Katsuhiro</au><au>Kusano, Joichi</au><au>Mitsuya, Yuki</au><au>Iizuka, Yoshiyuki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative Evaluation of Unfilled Grout in Tendons of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by Portable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray Sources</atitle><jtitle>Applied sciences</jtitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>5525</spage><pages>5525-</pages><issn>2076-3417</issn><eissn>2076-3417</eissn><abstract>We have developed porTable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-band (9.3 GHz) electron linear accelerator (LINAC)-based X-ray sources and conducted onsite prestressed concrete (PC) bridge inspection in the last 10 years. A T-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–400 mm and a box-shaped PC girder bridge with a thickness of 200–800 mm were tested. X-ray transmission images of flaws such as thinning, fray, and disconnection caused by corrosion of PC wires and unfilled grout were observed. A three-dimensional structural analysis was performed to estimate the reduction in the yield stress of the bridge. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the unfilled grout quantitatively because it is the main flaw that results in water filling and corrosion. In the measured X-ray images, we obtained gray values, which correspond to the X-ray attenuation coefficients of filled/unfilled grouts, PC wires (steel) in a sheath, and concrete. Then, we compared the ratio of the gray values of the filled/unfilled grouts and PC wires to determine the stage of the unfilled grout. We examined this quantitative evaluation using the data obtained from a real T-shaped PC girder bridge and model samples to simulate thick box-shaped PC girder bridges. We obtained a clear quantitative difference in the ratios for unfilled and filled grouts, which coincided with our visual perception. We synthesized the experience and data and proposed a quantitative analysis for evaluating the unfilled grout for subsequent steps such as structural analysis and destructive evaluation by boring surveys.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/app11125525</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-2103</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 2076-3417 |
ispartof | Applied sciences, 2021-06, Vol.11 (12), p.5525 |
issn | 2076-3417 2076-3417 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_e594c8b268d045369c7178799abb4447 |
source | Publicly Available Content Database |
subjects | 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray sources Aging Attenuation coefficients Bridge inspection Bridges Concrete Concrete bridges Corrosion Electric power Grout Image transmission Infrastructure Linear accelerators onsite X-ray bridge inspection PC bridge Prestressed concrete Quantitative analysis quantitative evaluation of stage of unfilled grout Sensors Sheaths Structural analysis Superhigh frequencies T shape Tendons Thickness Three dimensional analysis unfilled grout Visual perception X ray sources X-rays Yield stress |
title | Quantitative Evaluation of Unfilled Grout in Tendons of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges by Portable 950 keV/3.95 MeV X-ray Sources |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T19%3A12%3A56IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Quantitative%20Evaluation%20of%20Unfilled%20Grout%20in%20Tendons%20of%20Prestressed%20Concrete%20Girder%20Bridges%20by%20Portable%20950%20keV/3.95%20MeV%20X-ray%20Sources&rft.jtitle=Applied%20sciences&rft.au=Uesaka,%20Mitsuru&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5525&rft.pages=5525-&rft.issn=2076-3417&rft.eissn=2076-3417&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/app11125525&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_doaj_%3E2544958636%3C/proquest_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-99a431ee3679500100f758c07bac8c519f60bc16dd5d3a9aae06a53bd5e530e3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2544958636&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |