Long-Term Humoral Response After a Second Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine in Japanese Kidney Transplant Recipients

BackgroundThe mortality rate due to COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is 16.8 to 32%. Vaccination against COVID-19 is expected to contribute to the prevention of infection, severe disease, and mortality; however, it has been reported that the humoral response to the severe acute respir...

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Published in:Frontiers in microbiology 2022-06, Vol.13, p.922042-922042
Main Authors: Ohki, Yutaro, Kawabe, Mayuko, Yamamoto, Izumi, Katsumata, Haruki, Nakada, Yasuyuki, Kobayashi, Akimitsu, Urabe, Fumihiko, Miki, Jun, Yamada, Hiroki, Kimura, Takahiro, Matsuo, Nanae, Tanno, Yudo, Horino, Tetsuya, Ohkido, Ichiro, Yamamoto, Hiroyasu, Yokoo, Takashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers
COVID-19
humoral response
kidney transplant recipients
Microbiology
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
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Summary:BackgroundThe mortality rate due to COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is 16.8 to 32%. Vaccination against COVID-19 is expected to contribute to the prevention of infection, severe disease, and mortality; however, it has been reported that the humoral response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine in KTRs is poor. Vaccination strategies against COVID-19 vary from country to country, and in Japan, the third dose is given 6 months after the second dose. Few studies have evaluated long-term humoral responses after the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. In addition, the superiority of BNT162b2 vaccine and mRNA-1,273 vaccine in KTRs regarding humoral response is controversial. MethodsNinety-four KTRs were administered a second dose of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1,273 vaccines, and anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were measured 5 months (149.2 ± 45.5 days) later. The cutoff value of anti-S antibodies was defined ≥50 AU/ml and 1.4 Index for anti-N antibodies. The primary outcome was the rate of seropositivity, and factors associated with an appropriate humoral response were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. ResultsOf 94 KTRs, only 45 (47.9%) patients were positive for anti-S antibodies. The median anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers was 35.3 (Interquartile range 3.8 to 159.7). Anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in all patients were 
ISSN:1664-302X
1664-302X
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2022.922042