Assessment of Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley, Mexico, Using the Biomonitoring Technique in Mosses and TXRF Analysis

This study is aimed at assessing atmospheric deposition of heavy metals using the epiphytic moss genera Fabronia ciliaris collected from six urban sites in the Metropolitan Zone of the Toluca Valley in Mexico. The concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Pb were determined...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:TheScientificWorld 2013-01, Vol.2013 (2013), p.1-7
Main Authors: Macedo-Miranda, Guadalupe, Ortiz-Oliveros, Huemantzin, Zepeda-Gómez, Carmen, Avila-Pérez, Pedro, Tejeda-Vega, Samuel, Poblano-Bata, Josefina, Zarazúa-Ortega, Graciela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air pollution
Anthropogenic factors
Atmospheric pollution deposition
Bioindicators
Biological Assay - methods
Biological monitoring
Biomonitoring
Bryophyta - chemistry
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Deposition
Enrichment
Environmental aspects
Environmental monitoring
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Fluorescence
Fossil fuels
Fuel combustion
Heavy metals
Human influences
Indicator organisms
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Metal concentrations
Metals
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Methods
Mexico
Micropollutants
Mosses
Nickel
Physiology
Point source pollution
Pollutants
Pollution sources
Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission - methods
Strontium
Titanium
Urban areas
X ray reflection
X-ray fluorescence
Zinc
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Summary:This study is aimed at assessing atmospheric deposition of heavy metals using the epiphytic moss genera Fabronia ciliaris collected from six urban sites in the Metropolitan Zone of the Toluca Valley in Mexico. The concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Pb were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique. Results show that the average metal concentration decrease in the following order: Fe (8207 mg/Kg) > Ca (7315 mg/Kg) > K (3842 mg/Kg) > Ti (387 mg/Kg) > Mn, Zn (191 mg/Kg) > Sr (71 mg/Kg) > Pb (59 mg/Kg) > Cu, V (32 mg/Kg) > Cr (24 mg/Kg) > Rb (13 mg/Kg) > Ni (10 mg/Kg). Enrichment factors show a high enrichment for Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb which provides an evidence of anthropogenic impact in the industrial and urban areas, mainly due to the intense vehicular traffic and the fossil fuel combustion. Monitoring techniques in mosses have proved to be a powerful tool for determining the deposition of heavy metals coming from diverse point sources of pollution.
ISSN:2356-6140
1537-744X
1537-744X
DOI:10.1155/2013/426492