Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects

The power and ease of genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. He...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2018-03, Vol.10 (3), p.118
Main Authors: Palmer, William H, Varghese, Finny S, van Rij, Ronald P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abiotic factors
Aedes aegypti
Animals
antiviral defense
Disease resistance
Disease transmission
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster - immunology
Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology
Drosophila melanogaster - virology
endogenous viral elements
Environment
Genetic diversity
Genetic Variation
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
IMD
Immunity, Innate
Infections
Insects
JAK-STAT
Microbiota
Mosquito Vectors - immunology
Mosquito Vectors - microbiology
Mosquito Vectors - virology
Population levels
Review
RNAi
Sex Factors
Sexual dimorphism
Toll
vector mosquitoes
Virus Diseases - genetics
Virus Diseases - prevention & control
Viruses
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Summary:The power and ease of genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly and vector mosquitoes of the genera and . We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus-host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v10030118