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Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects
The power and ease of genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. He...
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| Published in: | Viruses 2018-03, Vol.10 (3), p.118 |
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| creator | Palmer, William H Varghese, Finny S van Rij, Ronald P |
| description | The power and ease of
genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly
and vector mosquitoes of the genera
and
. We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus-host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/v10030118 |
| format | article |
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genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly
and vector mosquitoes of the genera
and
. We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus-host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/v10030118</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29522475</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Abiotic factors ; Aedes aegypti ; Animals ; antiviral defense ; Disease resistance ; Disease transmission ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Drosophila melanogaster - immunology ; Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology ; Drosophila melanogaster - virology ; endogenous viral elements ; Environment ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic Variation ; Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology ; IMD ; Immunity, Innate ; Infections ; Insects ; JAK-STAT ; Microbiota ; Mosquito Vectors - immunology ; Mosquito Vectors - microbiology ; Mosquito Vectors - virology ; Population levels ; Review ; RNAi ; Sex Factors ; Sexual dimorphism ; Toll ; vector mosquitoes ; Virus Diseases - genetics ; Virus Diseases - prevention & control ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Viruses, 2018-03, Vol.10 (3), p.118</ispartof><rights>Copyright MDPI AG 2018</rights><rights>2018 by the authors. 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-a210e3f17f5a37d64e0d663badfe9be9d5dacbfa73c4379f0ff3461a663bf2eb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-a210e3f17f5a37d64e0d663badfe9be9d5dacbfa73c4379f0ff3461a663bf2eb3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0221-4689</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2026509224/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2026509224?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29522475$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Palmer, William H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varghese, Finny S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Rij, Ronald P</creatorcontrib><title>Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects</title><title>Viruses</title><addtitle>Viruses</addtitle><description>The power and ease of
genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly
and vector mosquitoes of the genera
and
. We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus-host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence.</description><subject>Abiotic factors</subject><subject>Aedes aegypti</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antiviral defense</subject><subject>Disease resistance</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - immunology</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - virology</subject><subject>endogenous viral elements</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology</subject><subject>IMD</subject><subject>Immunity, Innate</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>JAK-STAT</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Mosquito Vectors - immunology</subject><subject>Mosquito Vectors - microbiology</subject><subject>Mosquito Vectors - virology</subject><subject>Population levels</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>RNAi</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Sexual dimorphism</subject><subject>Toll</subject><subject>vector mosquitoes</subject><subject>Virus Diseases - genetics</subject><subject>Virus Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1999-4915</issn><issn>1999-4915</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkdFqFDEUhgdRbK1e-AIy4I1erJ4kk8zkRijV6kJREO1tOJM5qVlmkzXJFHx7U7ddWq8S_vPxcTh_07xk8E4IDe-vGYAAxoZHzTHTWq86zeTje_-j5lnOGwClNPRPmyOuJeddL4-b869YloRze4nJY_ExtD603yn7XDBYaktsL31acrsOjuwd8NHvCiUMNc01zc-bJw7nTC9u35Pm5_mnH2dfVhffPq_PTi9WVgpZVsgZkHCsdxJFP6mOYFJKjDg50iPpSU5oR4e9sJ3otQPnRKcY3jCO0yhOmvXeO0XcmF3yW0x_TERv_gUxXRlMxduZDCkcyAopCYfO6Q5HIQAkoCYB44TV9WHv2i3jliZLodRDPJA-nAT_y1zFayMHpSVjVfDmVpDi74VyMVufLc0zBopLNhwY15wpPlT09X_oJi4p1FNViisJuvZRqbd7yqaYcyJ3WIaBuWnaHJqu7Kv72x_Iu2rFX_6to_w</recordid><startdate>20180309</startdate><enddate>20180309</enddate><creator>Palmer, William H</creator><creator>Varghese, Finny S</creator><creator>van Rij, Ronald P</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-4689</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180309</creationdate><title>Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects</title><author>Palmer, William H ; Varghese, Finny S ; van Rij, Ronald P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-a210e3f17f5a37d64e0d663badfe9be9d5dacbfa73c4379f0ff3461a663bf2eb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Abiotic factors</topic><topic>Aedes aegypti</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antiviral defense</topic><topic>Disease resistance</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - immunology</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - virology</topic><topic>endogenous viral elements</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology</topic><topic>IMD</topic><topic>Immunity, Innate</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>JAK-STAT</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Mosquito Vectors - immunology</topic><topic>Mosquito Vectors - microbiology</topic><topic>Mosquito Vectors - virology</topic><topic>Population levels</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>RNAi</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Sexual dimorphism</topic><topic>Toll</topic><topic>vector mosquitoes</topic><topic>Virus Diseases - genetics</topic><topic>Virus Diseases - prevention & control</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Palmer, William H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varghese, Finny S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Rij, Ronald P</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Viruses</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Palmer, William H</au><au>Varghese, Finny S</au><au>van Rij, Ronald P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects</atitle><jtitle>Viruses</jtitle><addtitle>Viruses</addtitle><date>2018-03-09</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>118</spage><pages>118-</pages><issn>1999-4915</issn><eissn>1999-4915</eissn><abstract>The power and ease of
genetics and the medical relevance of mosquito-transmitted viruses have made dipterans important model organisms in antiviral immunology. Studies of virus-host interactions at the molecular and population levels have illuminated determinants of resistance to virus infection. Here, we review the sources and nature of variation in antiviral immunity and virus susceptibility in model dipteran insects, specifically the fruit fly
and vector mosquitoes of the genera
and
. We first discuss antiviral immune mechanisms and describe the virus-specificity of these responses. In the following sections, we review genetic and microbiota-dependent variation in antiviral immunity. In the final sections, we explore less well-studied sources of variation, including abiotic factors, sexual dimorphism, infection history, and endogenous viral elements. We borrow from work on other pathogen types and non-dipteran species when it parallels or complements studies in dipterans. Understanding natural variation in virus-host interactions may lead to the identification of novel restriction factors and immune mechanisms and shed light on the molecular determinants of vector competence.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>29522475</pmid><doi>10.3390/v10030118</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-4689</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1999-4915 1999-4915 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Abiotic factors Aedes aegypti Animals antiviral defense Disease resistance Disease transmission Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster - immunology Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology Drosophila melanogaster - virology endogenous viral elements Environment Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology IMD Immunity, Innate Infections Insects JAK-STAT Microbiota Mosquito Vectors - immunology Mosquito Vectors - microbiology Mosquito Vectors - virology Population levels Review RNAi Sex Factors Sexual dimorphism Toll vector mosquitoes Virus Diseases - genetics Virus Diseases - prevention & control Viruses |
| title | Natural Variation in Resistance to Virus Infection in Dipteran Insects |
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