Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology 2021-08, Vol.12, p.696781-696781
• Main Authors: Muñoz, Carlos, González-Lorca, Josue, Parra, Mick, Soto, Sarita, Valdes, Natalia, Sandino, Ana María, Vargas, Rodrigo, González, Alex, Tello, Mario
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; antiviral; Atlantic salmon; Birnaviridae Infections - immunology; Birnaviridae Infections - microbiology; Birnaviridae Infections - prevention & control; Birnaviridae Infections - virology; Cell Line; eIF-2 Kinase - metabolism; Fish Proteins - genetics; Fish Proteins - metabolism; Fisheries; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunity, Innate; Immunology; Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus - growth & development; Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus - immunology; Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus - pathogenicity; interferon Ia; Interferon Type I - genetics; Interferon Type I - metabolism; IPNV; Lactococcus lactis; Lactococcus lactis - genetics; Lactococcus lactis - immunology; Lactococcus lactis - metabolism; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins - metabolism; Probiotics; Salmo salar - genetics; Salmo salar - immunology; Salmo salar - microbiology; Salmo salar - virology; Viral Load
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696781

In salmon farming, viruses are responsible for outbreaks that produce significant economic losses for which there is a lack of control tools other than vaccines. Type I interferon has been successfully used for treating some chronic viral infections in humans. However, its application in salmonids depends on the proper design of a vehicle that allows its massive administration, ideally orally. In mammals, administration of recombinant probiotics capable of expressing cytokines has shown local and systemic therapeutic effects. In this work, we evaluate the use of as a type I Interferon expression system in Atlantic salmon, and we analyze its ability to stimulate the antiviral immune response against IPNV, and . The interferon expressed in , even though it was located mainly in the bacterial cytoplasm, was functional, stimulating Mx and PKR expression in CHSE-214 cells, and reducing the IPNV viral load in SHK-1 cells. , the oral administration of this producer of Interferon I increases Mx and PKR expression, mainly in the spleen, and to a lesser extent, in the head kidney. The oral administration of this strain also reduces the IPNV viral load in Atlantic salmon specimens challenged with this pathogen. Our results show that oral administration of producing Interferon I induces systemic effects in Atlantic salmon, allowing to stimulate the antiviral immune response. This probiotic could have effects against a wide variety of viruses that infect Atlantic salmon and also be effective in other salmonids due to the high identity among their type I interferons.