Potential Therapeutic Target and Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2

• Published in: Pathogens (Basel) 2023-07, Vol.12 (7), p.926
• Main Authors: Hussain, Mohamed A, Hassan, Mohamed M, Bashir, Bashir Abdrhman, Gamar, Tarig A, Gasmalbari, Elmuaiz, Mohamed, Ahmed Osman, Osman, Wadah, Sherif, Asmaa E, Elgaml, Abdelaziz, Alhaddad, Aisha A, Ghazawi, Kholoud F, Miski, Samar F, Ainousah, Bayan E, Andijani, Yusra Saleh, Ibrahim, Sabrin R M, Mohamed, Gamal A, Ashour, Ahmed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Bioinformatics; comparative genomics; coronavirus; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Disease transmission; Economic aspects; Genes; genes and proteins analysis; Genomes; Genomic analysis; Genomics; Golgi apparatus; Health aspects; Immune response; Immune system; Immunogenicity; Infections; International organizations; Middle East respiratory syndrome; Molecular interactions; Mortality; Pandemics; Phylogenetics; Proteins; Respiratory diseases; SDGs; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Sustainable development; Therapeutic applications; therapeutic target and vaccine; Therapeutic targets; Vaccines; Viral diseases; Viruses
• ISSN: 2076-0817; 2076-0817
• DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070926

The coronavirus has become the most interesting virus for scientists because of the recently emerging deadly SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to understand the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 through the comparative genomic analysis with the closest one among the seven species of coronavirus that infect humans. The genomes of coronavirus species that infect humans were retrieved from NCBI, and then subjected to comparative genomic analysis using different bioinformatics tools. The study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is the most similar to SARS-CoV among the coronavirus species. The core genes were shared by the two genomes, but there were some genes, found in one of them but not in both, such as ORF8, which is found in SARS-CoV-2. The ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2 could be considered as a good therapeutic target for stopping viral transmission, as it was predicted to be a transmembrane protein, which is responsible for interspecies transmission. This is supported by the molecular interaction of ORF8 with both the ORF7 protein, which contains a transmembrane domain that is essential to retaining the protein in the Golgi compartment, and the S protein, which facilitates the entry of the coronavirus into host cells. ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF8, and S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 could be immunogenic and capable of evoking an immune response, which means that these four proteins could be considered a potential vaccine source. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 is most related to SARS-CoV. ORF8 could be considered a potential therapeutic target for stopping viral transmission, and ORF1ab, ORF1a, ORF8, and the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 could be utilized as a potential vaccine source.