Effects of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on Premature Kidney Aging: Biochemical and Histological Analysis

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained much attention due to their superb properties, which make them promising options for the reinforcing composite materials with desirable mechanical properties. However, little is known about the linkage between lung exposure to nanomaterials and kidney disease. In...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxics (Basel) 2023-04, Vol.11 (4), p.373
Main Authors: Kim, Ji-Eun, Cho, Myung-Haing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Aging
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Carbon
Chemical properties
Composite materials
Development and progression
Dispersion
Dkk1 protein
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Exposure
Fibroblast growth factor 23
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Immunohistochemistry
Inflammation
kidney
Kidney diseases
Kidneys
Klotho protein
Laboratory animals
Lungs
Mechanical properties
Multi wall carbon nanotubes
multiwall carbon nanotubes
multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology
Nanotubes
premature aging
Risk factors
Senescence
Serum levels
SOST protein
Spectrum analysis
Telomerase
Toxicity
Weight loss
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Summary:Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained much attention due to their superb properties, which make them promising options for the reinforcing composite materials with desirable mechanical properties. However, little is known about the linkage between lung exposure to nanomaterials and kidney disease. In this study, we compared the effects on the kidneys and aging for two different types of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs): pristine MWCNTs (PMWCNTs) and acid-treated MWCNTs (TMWCNTs), with TMWCNTs being the preferred form for use as a composite material due to its superior dispersion properties. We used tracheal instillation and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for both types of CNTs. MTD was determined as a 10% weight loss dose in a 3-month subchronic study, and the appropriate dosage for 1-year exposure was 0.1 mg/mouse. Serum and kidney samples were analyzed using ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry after 6 months and 1 year of treatment. PMWCNT-administered mice showed the activation of pathways for inflammation, apoptosis, and insufficient autophagy, as well as decreased serum Klotho levels and increased serum levels of DKK-1, FGF-23, and sclerostin, while TMWCNTs did not. Our study suggests that lung exposure to PMWCNTs can induce premature kidney aging and highlights a possible toxic effect of using MWCNTs on the kidneys in the industrial field, further highlighting that dispersibility can affect the toxicity of the nanotubes.
ISSN:2305-6304
2305-6304
DOI:10.3390/toxics11040373