The Four Pillars for Successful Regenerative Therapy in Endodontics: Stem Cells, Biomaterials, Growth Factors, and Their Synergistic Interactions

Endodontics has made significant progress in regenerative approaches in recent years, thanks to advances in biologically based procedures or regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). In recent years, our profession has witnessed a clear conceptual shift in this therapy. RET was initially based on a blo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Stem cells international 2022-09, Vol.2022, p.1-17
Main Authors: Brizuela, C., Huang, George T.-J., Diogenes, A., Botero, T., Khoury, M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioengineering
Biological products
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Blood clots
Blood coagulation
Blood platelets
Cell therapy
Clinical outcomes
Dental pulp
Dentin
Endodontics
Growth factors
Innate immunity
New technology
Pain sensitivity
Regeneration
Review
Stem cells
Teeth
Therapy
Tissue engineering
Transplantation
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Summary:Endodontics has made significant progress in regenerative approaches in recent years, thanks to advances in biologically based procedures or regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). In recent years, our profession has witnessed a clear conceptual shift in this therapy. RET was initially based on a blood clot induced by apical bleeding without harvesting the patient’s cells or cell-free RET. Later, the RET encompassed the three principles of tissue engineering, stromal/stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors, aiming for the regeneration of a functional dentin pulp complex. The regenerated dental pulp will recover the protective mechanisms including innate immunity, tertiary dentin formation, and pain sensitivity. This comprehensive review covers the basic knowledge and practical information for translational applications of stem cell-based RET and tissue engineering procedures for the regeneration of dental pulp. It will also provide overall information on the emerging technologies in biological and synthetic matrices, biomaterials, and signaling molecules, recent advances in stem cell therapy, and updated experimental results. This review brings useful and timely clinical evidence for practitioners to understand the challenges faced for a successful cell-based RET and the importance of preserving or reestablishing tooth vitality. The clinical translation of these current bioengineering approaches will undoubtedly be beneficial to the future practice of endodontics.
ISSN:1687-966X
1687-9678
1687-9678
DOI:10.1155/2022/1580842