Brucella - Virulence Factors, Pathogenesis and Treatment

Brucellae are Gram-negative, small rods infecting mammals and capable of causing disease called brucellosis. The infection results in abortion and sterility in domestic animals (sheeps, pigs, rams etc). Especially dangerous for humans are: Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella abortus, and Br...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polish journal of microbiology 2018-06, Vol.67 (2), p.151-161
Main Authors: Głowacka, Patrycja, Żakowska, Dorota, Naylor, Katarzyna, Niemcewicz, Marcin, Bielawska-Drózd, Agata
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abortion
Animals
Antibiotics
Antibodies
Antigens
Bacteria
Brucella
Brucellosis
Carbon dioxide
Cell surface
Chemotherapy
Dairy products
Domestic animals
Doxycycline
Drug resistance
Drug therapy
E coli
Endoplasmic reticulum
Exotoxins
Fluoroquinolones
Ginseng
Ginseng saponin
Gram-negative bacteria
Infections
Infertility
Ingestion
Inhalation
Lipids
Lipopolysaccharides
Lymphatic system
macrophage
Marine mammals
Microbiology
Mucosa
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Phagocytes
Plasmids
replication
Resistance factors
Respiration
Rifampin
Rods
Saponins
Serology
Signs and symptoms
Sterility
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Virulence
Virulence factors
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Description
Summary:Brucellae are Gram-negative, small rods infecting mammals and capable of causing disease called brucellosis. The infection results in abortion and sterility in domestic animals (sheeps, pigs, rams etc). Especially dangerous for humans are: Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Brucella abortus, and Brucella canis that trigger unspecific symptoms (flu-like manifestation). Brucella rods are introduced via host cells, by inhalation, skin abrasions, ingestion or mucosal membranes. The most important feature of Brucella is the ability to survive and multiply within both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Brucella does not produce classical virulence factors: exotoxin, cytolisins, exoenzymes, plasmids, fimbria, and drug resistant forms. Major virulence factors are: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), T4SS secretion system and BvrR/BvrS system, which allow interaction with host cell surface, formation of an early, late BCV (Brucella Containing Vacuole) and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when the bacteria multiply. The treatment of brucellosis is based on two-drug therapy, the most common combinations of antibiotics are: doxycycline with rifampicin or fluoroquinolones with rifampicin. Currently, also other methods are used to disrupt Brucella intracellular replication (tauroursodeoxycholic acid or ginseng saponin fraction A).
ISSN:1733-1331
2544-4646
2544-4646
DOI:10.21307/pjm-2018-029