Hypophysitis: Defining Histopathologic Variants and a Review of Emerging Clinical Causative Entities

Inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland is known as hypophysitis. There are multiple histological subtypes, the most common being lymphocytic, and the pathogenesis is variable and diverse. Hypophysitis can be primary and idiopathic or autoimmune related, or secondary to local lesions, systemic d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-03, Vol.24 (6), p.5917
Main Authors: Rawanduzy, Cameron A, Winkler-Schwartz, Alexander, Couldwell, William T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Amenorrhea
Antibodies
Antigens
Asymptomatic
B cells
Biopsy
Crohn's disease
Cysts
Diabetes
Humans
hypophysitis
Hypophysitis - diagnosis
Hypophysitis - etiology
Hypothalamus
immune checkpoint inhibitors
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
Ipilimumab
Lymphocytes - pathology
Pathogenesis
Pituitary
Pituitary Gland
Pregnancy
Review
Sarcoidosis
Tumors
Womens health
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Summary:Inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland is known as hypophysitis. There are multiple histological subtypes, the most common being lymphocytic, and the pathogenesis is variable and diverse. Hypophysitis can be primary and idiopathic or autoimmune related, or secondary to local lesions, systemic disease, medications, and more. Although hypophysitis was previously accepted as an exceedingly rare diagnosis, a greater understanding of the disease process and new insights into possible etiologic sources have contributed to an increased frequency of recognition. This review provides an overview of hypophysitis, its causes, and detection strategies and management.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24065917