Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker and Proton Pump Inhibitor–Based Regimens for First-Line Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Network Meta-Analysis

• Published in: Gastro hep advances 2022, Vol.1 (5), p.824-834
• Main Authors: Malfertheiner, Peter, Moss, Steven F., Daniele, Patrick, Pelletier, Corey, Jacob, Rinu, Tremblay, Gabriel, Hubscher, Elizabeth, Leifke, Eckhard, Chey, William D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Empiric Therapy; First-Line Regimens; Network Meta-Analysis
• ISSN: 2772-5723; 2772-5723
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.06.009

Effective acid suppression is a crucial component of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication regimens. Approved treatments include dual, triple, and quadruple therapies composed of certain antibiotics in combination with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, provides more potent and durable acid suppression than PPIs. We compared the efficacy of vonoprazan-based therapies vs approved standard regimens using new evidence from the phase 3 pHalconHP trial in North America and Europe. Studies reporting first-line H. pylori eradication rates from empiric treatment with Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies and vonoprazan-containing therapies were identified via bibliographic searches of systematic literature reviews and a subsequent MEDLINE/Embase search using index terms for H. pylori and eradication. Randomized controlled trials comparing 2 or more relevant comparators were included in Bayesian network meta-analyses for grouped and distinct therapies. Twenty-three distinct regimens from 42 trials including 12,773 patients were identified. Vonoprazan-based triple therapy showed the highest relative efficacy (odds ratio: 2.73, 95% credible interval 2.11, 3.54) and 72.1% probability of being the best. North American, Western, and global scenarios were largely consistent. Vonoprazan-based therapies demonstrated higher odds of H. pylori eradication than each PPI-based triple therapy. Furthermore, vonoprazan-based triple therapy was superior to bismuth subcitrate quadruple therapy (odds ratio: 1.60, 95% credible interval: 1.07, 2.38). Vonoprazan-based eradication regimens represent novel treatments for H. pylori infection on a global scale, offering efficacy that, in this analysis, is superior to PPI-based triple therapy and comparable or better than bismuth quadruple therapy.