The Role of Host Genetics and Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolome as a New Insight into IBD Pathogenesis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable, chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract whose incidence increases every year. Scientific research constantly delivers new information about the disease and its multivariate, complex etiology. Nevertheless, full discovery and understanding of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-09, Vol.25 (17), p.9589
Main Authors: Zakerska-Banaszak, Oliwia, Zuraszek-Szymanska, Joanna, Eder, Piotr, Ladziak, Karolina, Slomski, Ryszard, Skrzypczak-Zielinska, Marzena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria
Crohn’s disease
Cytokines
Disease
Dysbiosis - microbiology
Fungi
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Genetics
gut microbiota
Homeostasis
host genetics
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - genetics
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - metabolism
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - microbiology
Lymphocytes
Metabolites
Metabolome
Microbiota
Microorganisms
Pathogenesis
short-chain fatty acids
ulcerative colitis
Yeast
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Summary:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable, chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract whose incidence increases every year. Scientific research constantly delivers new information about the disease and its multivariate, complex etiology. Nevertheless, full discovery and understanding of the complete mechanism of IBD pathogenesis still pose a significant challenge to today's science. Recent studies have unanimously confirmed the association of gut microbial dysbiosis with IBD and its contribution to the regulation of the inflammatory process. It transpires that the altered composition of pathogenic and commensal bacteria is not only characteristic of disturbed intestinal homeostasis in IBD, but also of viruses, parasites, and fungi, which are active in the intestine. The crucial function of the microbial metabolome in the human body is altered, which causes a wide range of effects on the host, thus providing a basis for the disease. On the other hand, human genomic and functional research has revealed more loci that play an essential role in gut homeostasis regulation, the immune response, and intestinal epithelial function. This review aims to organize and summarize the currently available knowledge concerning the role and interaction of crucial factors associated with IBD pathogenesis, notably, host genetic composition, intestinal microbiota and metabolome, and immune regulation.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25179589