Heavy metal association with chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in central India-results from a case-control study

Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown cause (CKDu) a disease of exclusion, and remains unexplained in various parts of the world, including India. Previous studies have reported mixed findings about the role of heavy metals or agrochemicals in CKDu. These studies compared CKDu with healthy controls but...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BMC nephrology 2024-04, Vol.25 (1), p.120-120, Article 120
Main Authors: Atlani, Mahendra, Kumar, Ashok, Ahirwar, Rajesh, Meenu, M N, Goel, Sudhir K, Kumari, Ravita, Anirudhan, Athira, Vallamshetla, Saikrishna, Reddy, G Sai Tharun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agrochemicals
Arsenic
Automation
Biomarkers
Blood levels
Blood pressure
Cadmium
Chromium
Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause
Chronic kidney failure
CKDu
Contamination
Creatinine
Diabetes
Drinking behavior
Drinking water
Drug addiction
Environmental toxins
Health aspects
Heavy metals
Hypertension
Kidney diseases
Lead
Microwaves
Nephrology
Pesticides
Prevention
Renal function
Risk factors
Sample size
Surface water
Trace elements
Ultrasonic imaging
Urine
Water use
Water, Underground
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Summary:Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown cause (CKDu) a disease of exclusion, and remains unexplained in various parts of the world, including India. Previous studies have reported mixed findings about the role of heavy metals or agrochemicals in CKDu. These studies compared CKDu with healthy controls but lacked subjects with CKD as controls. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis whether heavy metals, i.e. Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Chromium (Cr) are associated with CKDu, in central India. The study was conducted in a case-control manner at a tertiary care hospital. CKDu cases (n = 60) were compared with CKD (n = 62) and healthy subjects (n = 54). Blood and urine levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma- Optical Emission Spectrometry. Pesticide use, painkillers, smoking, and alcohol addiction were also evaluated. The median blood and urine metal levels were compared among the groups by the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. CKDu had significantly higher pesticide and surface water usage as a source of drinking water. Blood As levels (median, IQR) were significantly higher in CKDu 91.97 (1.3-132.7) µg/L compared to CKD 4.5 (0.0-58.8) µg/L and healthy subjects 39.01 (4.8-67.4) µg/L (p 
ISSN:1471-2369
1471-2369
DOI:10.1186/s12882-024-03564-4