MicroRNAs in Prion Diseases—From Molecular Mechanisms to Insights in Translational Medicine

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules able to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via base-pairing with partially complementary sequences of target transcripts. Prion diseases comprise a singular group of neurodegenerative conditions caused by endogenous, misfolded pathog...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.10 (7), p.1620
Main Authors: Contiliani, Danyel Fernandes, Ribeiro, Yasmin de Araújo, de Moraes, Vitor Nolasco, Pereira, Tiago Campos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Cytoplasm
Dementia
Diabetes
Gene expression
Genes
Genomes
Kuru
Mammals
microRNA
MicroRNAs
miRNA
miRNA-based diagnostics
miRNA-based therapeutics
Molecular modelling
Mutation
neurodegenerative
Non-coding RNA
Parkinson's disease
Pathogens
Pathology
Post-transcription
prion disease
Prion protein
Proteins
Review
RNAi
Sleep disorders
Stem cells
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Summary:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules able to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via base-pairing with partially complementary sequences of target transcripts. Prion diseases comprise a singular group of neurodegenerative conditions caused by endogenous, misfolded pathogenic (prion) proteins, associated with molecular aggregates. In humans, classical prion diseases include Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, and kuru. The aim of this review is to present the connections between miRNAs and prions, exploring how the interaction of both molecular actors may help understand the susceptibility, onset, progression, and pathological findings typical of such disorders, as well as the interface with some prion-like disorders, such as Alzheimer’s. Additionally, due to the inter-regulation of prions and miRNAs in health and disease, potential biomarkers for non-invasive miRNA-based diagnostics, as well as possible miRNA-based therapies to restore the levels of deregulated miRNAs on prion diseases, are also discussed. Since a cure or effective treatment for prion disorders still pose challenges, miRNA-based therapies emerge as an interesting alternative strategy to tackle such defying medical conditions.
ISSN:2073-4409
2073-4409
DOI:10.3390/cells10071620