Impact of environmental factors on the regulation of cyanotoxin production

Cyanobacteria are capable of thriving in almost all environments. Recent changes in climatic conditions due to increased human activities favor the occurrence and severity of harmful cyanobacterial bloom all over the world. Knowledge of the regulation of cyanotoxins by the various environmental fact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2014-06, Vol.6 (7), p.1951-1978
Main Authors: Boopathi, Thangavelu, Ki, Jang-Seu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkaloids
anatoxins and saxitoxins
Animals
Bacterial Toxins
Climate Change
Climatic conditions
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria - metabolism
Cyanobacteria Toxins
cyanotoxin
cylindrospermopsin
Environment
Environmental factors
Environmental impact
Humans
Marine Toxins - metabolism
Marine Toxins - toxicity
Microcystins
Microcystins - metabolism
Microcystins - toxicity
nodularin
Peptides, Cyclic - metabolism
Peptides, Cyclic - toxicity
Review
Saxitoxin - metabolism
Saxitoxin - toxicity
Tropanes - metabolism
Tropanes - toxicity
Uracil - analogs & derivatives
Uracil - metabolism
Uracil - toxicity
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Summary:Cyanobacteria are capable of thriving in almost all environments. Recent changes in climatic conditions due to increased human activities favor the occurrence and severity of harmful cyanobacterial bloom all over the world. Knowledge of the regulation of cyanotoxins by the various environmental factors is essential for effective management of toxic cyanobacterial bloom. In recent years, progress in the field of molecular mechanisms involved in cyanotoxin production has paved the way for assessing the role of various factors on the cyanotoxin production. In this review, we present an overview of the influence of various environmental factors on the production of major group of cyanotoxins, including microcystins, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin, anatoxins and saxitoxins.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins6071951