Diagnostic Advances in Childhood Tuberculosis-Improving Specimen Collection and Yield of Microbiological Diagnosis for Intrathoracic Tuberculosis

There is no microbiological gold standard for childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. The paucibacillary nature of the disease, challenges in sample collection in young children, and the limitations of currently available microbiological tests restrict microbiological confirmation of intrathoracic TB...

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Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2022-03, Vol.11 (4), p.389
Main Authors: Wobudeya, Eric, Bonnet, Maryline, Walters, Elisabetta Ghimenton, Nabeta, Pamela, Song, Rinn, Murithi, Wilfred, Mchembere, Walter, Dim, Bunnet, Taguebue, Jean-Voisin, Orne-Gliemann, Joanna, Nicol, Mark P, Marcy, Olivier
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adults
Automation
Children
Collection
Diagnosis
Diagnostic tests
Human health and pathology
Infectious diseases
Laboratories
Life Sciences
microbiological tests
Microscopy
Pediatrics
Pulmonology and respiratory tract
Reproducibility
Review
sample collection methods
Tuberculosis
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Summary:There is no microbiological gold standard for childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. The paucibacillary nature of the disease, challenges in sample collection in young children, and the limitations of currently available microbiological tests restrict microbiological confirmation of intrathoracic TB to the minority of children. Recent WHO guidelines recommend the use of novel rapid molecular assays as initial diagnostic tests for TB and endorse alternative sample collection methods for children. However, the uptake of these tools in high-endemic settings remains low. In this review, we appraise historic and new microbiological tests and sample collection techniques that can be used for the diagnosis of intrathoracic TB in children. We explore challenges and possible ways to improve diagnostic yield despite limitations, and identify research gaps to address in order to improve the microbiological diagnosis of intrathoracic TB in children.
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens11040389