Epinephrine affects gene expression levels and has a complex effect on biofilm formation in Micrococcus luteus strain C01 isolated from human skin

• Published in: Biofilm 2021-12, Vol.3, p.100058, Article 100058
• Main Authors: Gannesen, A.V., Schelkunov, M.I., Geras'kina, O.V., Makarova, N.E., Sukhacheva, M.V., Danilova, N.D., Ovcharova, M.A., Mart'yanov, S.V., Pankratov, T.A., Muzychenko, D.S., Zhurina, M.V., Feofanov, A.V., Botchkova, E.A., Plakunov, V.K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biofilms; Confocal microscopy; Epinephrine; Human-microbiota interaction; Micrococcus luteus; qPCR; RNA-seq; Skin microbiota; Transcriptomics
• ISSN: 2590-2075; 2590-2075
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100058

In this study, the effect of epinephrine on the biofilm formation of Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin was investigated in depth for the first time. This hormone has a complex effect on biofilms in various systems. In a system with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cubes, treatment with epinephrine at a physiological concentration of 4.9 × 10−9 M increased the total amount of 72-h biofilm biomass stained with crystal violet and increased the metabolic activity of biofilms, but at higher and lower concentrations, the treatment had no significant effect. On glass fiber filters, treatment with the hormone decreased the number of colony forming units (CFUs) and changed the aggregation but did not affect the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. In glass bottom plates examined by confocal microscopy, epinephrine notably inhibited the growth of biofilms. RNA-seq analysis and RT–PCR demonstrated reproducible upregulation of genes encoding Fe–S cluster assembly factors and cyanide detoxification sulfurtransferase, whereas genes encoding the co-chaperone GroES, the LysE superfamily of lysine exporters, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase and the potential c-di-GMP phosphotransferase were downregulated. Our results suggest that epinephrine may stimulate matrix synthesis in M. luteus biofilms, thereby increasing the activity of NAD(H) oxidoreductases. Potential c-di-GMP pathway proteins are essential in these processes. •Physiological blood concentration of epinephrine affected M. luteus C01 biofilms.•Epinephrine stimulated biofilm growth assessed with crystal violet.•Epinephrine affected the CFU and cell aggregation depend on incubation time.•4.912 × 10−9 M epinephrine changed the biofilm biomass assessed by CLSM.•RNA-seq and RT-qPCR showed altered expression levels in seven M. luteus C01 genes.