Progress of Measles and Rubella Surveillance in the Context of Measles Elimination in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2019–2022

• Published in: Vaccines (Basel) 2024-11, Vol.12 (12), p.1349
• Main Authors: Farid, Muhammad, Fahmy, Kamal, Ghoniem, Amany, Sharifuzzaman, Md, Hasan, Quamrul, Crowcroft, Natasha, Patrick O’Connor
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Context; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; disease incidence; disease surveillance; Disease transmission; Endorsements; epidemiology; Genotypes; Genotyping; Immunity (Disease); immunization coverage; Indicators; Laboratories; Measles; measles and rubella elimination in EMR; measles and rubella surveillance; Pandemics; Regional analysis; Regional planning; Rubella; Surveillance; Vaccines; Verification
• ISSN: 2076-393X
• DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12121349

In 2015, the 62nd session of the Regional Committee [RC] of the Eastern Mediterranean Region [EMR] endorsed the Eastern Mediterranean Vaccine Action Plan 2016–2020 (EMVAP) that included postponement of the measles elimination target to before 2020. However, the EMR does not have a regional rubella control or elimination goal. We reviewed the progress of measles and rubella surveillance in context of measles elimination in the Eastern Mediterranean Region during 2019–2022. We compiled data on coverage, reported cases, surveillance indicators, incidence, and genotypes. We conducted an age-cohort analysis to estimate the size of the susceptible population using coverage and SIAs coverage data. We reviewed the dossiers of countries that applied to the Regional Verification Commission [RVC] for the verification of measles and rubella elimination. Between 2019 and 2022, the regional coverage of the vaccine against measles and rubella was stable at 83% for the first dose [MCV1] and increased from 75% to 78% for the second dose [MCV2] after a dip during COVID-19. In the EMRO, eighteen countries are using MR (measles–rubella) and/or measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccines and four are using measles vaccines. The reported regional measles incidence per 1,000,000 was 23.3 in 2019, decreased to 7.4 in 2020, and re-increased to 50 in 2022, with two main genotypes–D8 and B3–in circulation. Both genotypes are considered to be actively circulating in eighteen countries, with different circulating variants of each genotype. There were no genotyping data available from four countries. Measles and rubella surveillance indicators deteriorated in the region. The number of susceptible individuals exceeded one birth cohort in nine of the 22 countries. In 2019–2022, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, and Oman were verified to have eliminated measles and rubella. While four countries eliminated measles and rubella and another five progressed toward measles and rubella elimination, however, immunity gaps and reported incidence increased in eleven countries. Countries approaching elimination need to prepare verification dossiers, while others need to increase their routine coverage, conduct follow-up campaigns, and improve surveillance. Submission of progress reports to the RVC will measure progress toward the goal.