The cytolytic activity of vaginolysin strictly depends on cholesterol and is potentiated by human CD59

Gardnerella vaginalis produces cytolysin vaginolysin (VLY), which has been suggested to be a contributor to bacterial vaginosis pathogenesis. VLY along with intermedilysin (ILY) from Streptococcus intermedius have been attributed to a group of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) whose pore-formi...

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Published in:Toxins 2015-01, Vol.7 (1), p.110-128
Main Authors: Zilnyte, Milda, Venclovas, Česlovas, Zvirbliene, Aurelija, Pleckaityte, Milda
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Animals
Bacterial Proteins - toxicity
Bacterial Toxins - toxicity
Bacteriocins - toxicity
CD59 Antigens - genetics
CD59 Antigens - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
CHO Cells
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - metabolism
Cricetulus
cytolysin
Cytotoxins - toxicity
Erythrocytes - drug effects
Erythrocytes - metabolism
Gardnerella vaginalis
hCD59
HeLa Cells
Humans
liposomes
Mice
pore
Streptococcus intermedius
Streptolysins - toxicity
vaginolysin
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Summary:Gardnerella vaginalis produces cytolysin vaginolysin (VLY), which has been suggested to be a contributor to bacterial vaginosis pathogenesis. VLY along with intermedilysin (ILY) from Streptococcus intermedius have been attributed to a group of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) whose pore-forming activity depends on human CD59 (hCD59). Here, we show that different types of cells lacking hCD59 are susceptible to VLY-mediated lysis, albeit to different extents. We analyze the effects of both hCD59 and cholesterol on VLY cytolytic activity. We show that VLY binds to cholesterol-rich membranes of non-human cells, while VLY with an impaired cholesterol recognition site retains binding to the hCD59-containing cells. We further demonstrate that cholesterol binding by VLY is sufficient to trigger the formation of oligomeric complexes on cholesterol rich-liposomes lacking hCD59. Thus, VLY may induce cell lysis following two alternative pathways. One requires only cholesterol and does not depend on hCD59. The second pathway involves hCD59 contribution similarly to ILY. Apparently, under physiological conditions VLY acts in the most effective way by accepting the assistance of hCD59.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins7010110