The Snell’s Window Image for Remote Sensing of the Upper Sea Layer: Results of Practical Application

Estimation of water optical properties can be performed by photo or video registration of rough sea surface from underwater at an angle of total internal reflection in the away from the sun direction at several depths. In this case, the key characteristic of the obtained image will be the border of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of marine science and engineering 2019-03, Vol.7 (3), p.70
Main Authors: Molkov, Alexander A., Dolin, Lev S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Angle of reflection
inherent optical properties
Light
Light scattering
Optical properties
Remote sensing
Roughness
Sea roughness
Sea surface
slope variance
Snell’s window image
Underwater
underwater vision
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Summary:Estimation of water optical properties can be performed by photo or video registration of rough sea surface from underwater at an angle of total internal reflection in the away from the sun direction at several depths. In this case, the key characteristic of the obtained image will be the border of the Snell’s window, which is a randomly distorted image of the sky. Its distortion changes simultaneously under the action of the sea roughness and light scattering; however, after correct “decoding” of this image, their separate determination is possible. This paper presents the corresponding algorithms for achieving these possibilities by the Snell’s window images. These images were obtained in waters with different optical properties and wave conditions under several types of illumination. Practical guidelines for recording, processing and analyzing images of the Snell’s window are also formulated.
ISSN:2077-1312
2077-1312
DOI:10.3390/jmse7030070