HTLV-1 biofilm polarization maintained by tetraspanin CD82 is required for efficient viral transmission

In the early stages of infection, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) dissemination within its host is believed to rely mostly on cell-to-cell contacts. Past studies unveiled a novel mechanism of HTLV-1 intercellular transmission based on the remodeling of the host-cell extracellular matrix a...

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Published in:mBio 2023-12, Vol.14 (6), p.e0132623
Main Authors: Arone, Coline, Martial, Samuel, Burlaud-Gaillard, Julien, Thoulouze, Maria-Isabel, Roingeard, Philippe, Dutartre, Hélène, Muriaux, Delphine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biofilms - growth & development
CD82
cell-to-cell viral transmission
Gag
HTLV-1
HTLV-I Infections - transmission
HTLV-I Infections - virology
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - genetics
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 - physiology
Humans
Kangai-1 Protein - genetics
Kangai-1 Protein - metabolism
Life Sciences
Microbiology and Parasitology
Research Article
tetraspanins
viral biofilms
Virion - metabolism
Virion - physiology
Virology
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Summary:In the early stages of infection, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) dissemination within its host is believed to rely mostly on cell-to-cell contacts. Past studies unveiled a novel mechanism of HTLV-1 intercellular transmission based on the remodeling of the host-cell extracellular matrix and the generation of cell-surface viral assemblies whose structure, composition, and function resemble bacterial biofilms. These polarized aggregates of infectious virions, identified as viral biofilms, allow the bulk delivery of viruses to target cells and may help to protect virions from immune attacks. However, viral biofilms' molecular and functional description is still in its infancy, although it is crucial to fully decipher retrovirus pathogenesis. Here, we explore the function of cellular tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, CD82) that we detect inside HTLV-1 particles within biofilms. Our results demonstrate specific roles for CD82 in the cell-surface distribution and intercellular transmission of HTLV-1 biofilms, which we document as two essential parameters for efficient viral transmission. At last, our findings indicate that N-glycosylation of cell-surface molecules, including CD82, is required for the polarization of HTLV-1 biofilms and for the efficient transmission of HTLV-1 between T-lymphocytes.
ISSN:2150-7511
2161-2129
2150-7511
DOI:10.1128/mbio.01326-23